ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Combination of Cannabinoids, Δ9- Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol, Ameliorates Experimental Multiple Sclerosis by Suppressing Neuroinflammation Through Regulation of miRNA-Mediated Signaling Pathways.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoids, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabidiol in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- ΔJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol dose modulates behavioral response to acute and repeated administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by strain and sex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Neurology: Current Insights and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Navigating dose-effect complexities and challenges in cannabinoid therapy for aging-related neurobiological changes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- miR-146a Regulates Neuroinflammation and Immune Cell Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Combined effects of cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol alleviate migraine-like symptoms in mice.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Article
- Exploring precision therapeutics: computational design of antisense oligonucleotides targeting AXL gene transcripts in multiple sclerosis treatment management.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Hemp Extract (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Full-Spectrum Low-THCBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Blocks Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation through Elimination of Reactive Oxygen Species.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- DNA methylation, but not microRNA expression, is affected by in vitro THC exposure in bovine granulosa cells.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Article
- Selected cannabis cultivars modulate glial activation: in vitro and in vivo studies.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Article
- Possible Role of Cannabis in the Management of Neuroinflammation in Patients with Post-COVID Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Potential of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis and the Dawn of Nano-Cannabinoid Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Buds and Bugs: A Fascinating Tale of Gut Microbiota and Cannabis in the Fight against Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of SativexMini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in human microglial cell line infected with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by neuroinflammation leading to demyelination. Recently a combination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from Cannabis has been approved in many parts of the world to treat MS-related spasticity. THC+CBD combination was also shown to suppresses neuroinflammation, although the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrate that THC+CBD combination therapy (10 mg/kg each) but not THC or CBD alone, attenuates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by reducing neuroinflammation and suppression of Th17 and Th1 cells. These effects were mediated through CB1 and CB2 receptors inasmuch as, THC+CBD failed to ameliorate EAE in mice deficient in CB1 and CB2. THC+CBD treatment also caused a decrease in the levels of brain infiltrating CD4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TBX21), while increasing anti-inflammatory phenotype such as FoxP3, STAT5b, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. Also, the brain-derived cells showed increased apoptosis along with decreased percentage in G0/G1 phase with increased percentage in G2/M phase of cell cycle. miRNA microarray analysis of brain-derived CD4+ T cells revealed that THC+CBD treatment significantly down-regulated miR-21a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-27b-5p while upregulating miR-706-5p and miR-7116. Pathway analysis showed that majority of the down-regulated miRs targeted molecules involved in cycle arrest and apoptosis such as CDKN2A, BCL2L11, and CCNG1, as well as anti-inflammatory molecules such as SOCS1 and FoxP3. Additionally, transfection studies involving miR-21 and use of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.