Trial reportJournal of the International AIDS Society2019
HIV viral suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women in routine care in the Kinshasa province: a baseline evaluation of participants in CQI-PMTCT study.
Trial report in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03048669 (Continuous Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Long Term Outcomes of Antiretroviral Therapy in Women Initiated on Therapy During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding in the Democratic Republic of Congo), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Continuous Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Long Term Outcomes of Antiretroviral Therapy in Women Initiated on Therapy During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Viral load monitoring for people living with HIV in the era of test and treat: progress made and challenges ahead - a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- HIV-1 subtype C predicted co-receptor tropism in Africa: an individual sequence level meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Hepatitis C prevalence and quality of health services among HIV-positive mothers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- SMS messaging to improve retention and viral suppression in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs in Kenya: A 3-arm randomized clinical trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Trial
- HIV viral suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women in routine care in the Kinshasa province: a baseline evaluation of participants in CQI-PMTCT study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Trial
- Compartment-specific soluble immune profiles associated with preterm birth, perinatal death, and low birthweight in pregnant individuals living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Viral load suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Ghana: a prospective longitudinal study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders and Their Associated Factors Among Women in Yilmana Densa Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Novel Risk Calculator to Predict Sub-optimal HIV Outcomes Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The peripartum viral load cascade and outcomes of infants exposed to HIV in Lesotho.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Observational
- Pathways between intimate partner violence and HIV care and treatment during pregnancy and postpartum: A qualitative study in southwestern Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Factors associated with viral load suppression in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Rwanda: an open-observational cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Understanding mother-to-child transmission of HIV among mothers engaged in HIV care in Kenya: a case report.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Association of comprehensiveness of antiretroviral care and detectable HIV viral load suppression among pregnant and postpartum women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPublished data on viral suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women in routine care settings are scarce. Here, we report provincial estimates of undetectable and suppressed viral load among pregnant or breastfeeding women in HIV care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and associated risk factors.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a baseline assessment for the CQI-PMTCT study: an ongoing cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effect of continuous quality interventions (CQI) on long-term ART outcomes among pregnant and breastfeeding women (NCT03048669). From November 2016 to June 2018, in each of the 35 Kinshasa provincial health zones (HZ), study teams visited the three busiest maternal and child health clinics, enrolled all HIV-positive pregnant or breastfeeding women (≤1 year post-delivery) receiving ART, and performed viral load testing. Log binomial models with generalized estimating equations to account for clustering at the HZ level, were used to estimate prevalence ratios comparing participants with undetected (<40 copies/mL) or suppressed (<1000 copies/mL) viral load across levels of individual and site characteristics.
resultsOf the 1752 eligible women, 1623 had viral load results available, including 38% who had been on ART for <6 months and 74% were on tenofovir-lamivudine-efavirenz. Viral load was undetectable in 53% of women and suppressed in 62%. Among women who were on ART for ≥12 months, only 60% and 67% respectively, had undetectable or suppressed viral load. Viral load was undetectable in 53%, 48% and 58% of women testing during pregnancy, at delivery, and in postpartum respectively. In multivariable log binomial models, duration of ART >12 months, older age, being married, disclosure of HIV status, receiving care in an urban health zone or one supported by PEPFAR were all positively associated with viral suppression.
conclusionsThe observed high level of detectable viral load suggests that high ART coverage alone without substantial efforts to improve the quality of care for pregnant and breastfeeding women, will not be enough to achieve the goal of virtual elimination of vertical HIV transmission in high-burden and limited resources settings like DRC.
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