ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2019
Patterns of Cocaine Use During Treatment: Associations With Baseline Characteristics and Follow-Up Functioning.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating Reduced Use and Abstinence as Outcomes in Pharmacotherapy Trials for Stimulant Use Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of stimulant use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Opioid consumption frequency and its associations with potential life problems during opioid agonist treatment in individuals with prescription-type opioid use disorder: exploratory results from the OPTIMA Study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Trial
- Examining cocaine use reductions and long-term outcomes in two clinical trials of continuing care for cocaine dependence.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Repeated measures latent class analysis identifies unique daily cocaine-use patterns and associated clinical characteristics: A timeline followback-based analytic approach.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Beyond frequency of use: Exploring additional metrics for quantifying cocaine use and their relation to life functioning and treatment outcome.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Reduced drug use as an alternative valid outcome in individuals with stimulant use disorders: Findings from 13 multisite randomized clinical trials.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Treatment Seeking Nitrous Oxide Users in Addiction Care: A Comparison with Cocaine Users on Clinical and Treatment Characteristics.European addiction research · 2024Article
- Percentage of negative urine drug screens as a clinically meaningful endpoint for RCTs evaluating treatment for cocaine use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Exploring the performance of during-treatment substance use outcome measures in predicting longer-term psychosocial functioning and post-treatment abstinence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Detecting change in psychiatric functioning in clinical trials for cocaine use disorder: sensitivity of the Addiction Severity Index and Brief Symptom Inventory.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- The relationship of frequency of cocaine use to substance and psychiatric disorders in the U.S. general population.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Patterns of reduced use and abstinence in multi-site randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapies for cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Beyond abstinence and relapse II: momentary relationships between stress, craving, and lapse within clusters of patients with similar patterns of drug use.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Long-term functioning to provide empirical support for the clinical relevance of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine use disorders.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Article
- Clinical validation of reduction in cocaine frequency level as an endpoint in clinical trials for cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAbstinence outcomes are typically prioritized in the treatment of cocaine use disorder while ignoring patterns of low-frequency cocaine use. This study examined patterns of cocaine use frequency during treatment and evaluated how these patterns related to baseline characteristics and functioning outcomes 6 and 12 months after treatment.
methodWe used a pooled dataset (N = 720) from seven randomized clinical trials for cocaine use disorder. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used to assess functioning. Repeated-measures latent class analysis was used to derive patterns of cocaine use.
resultsThree patterns were identified: abstinence (10.6%), low-frequency use (approximately 1 day/week; 66.3%), and persistent frequent use (approximately 4 days/week; 23.1%). The low-frequency group was associated with male gender, younger age, and a criminal justice referral. The abstinent group had the highest alcohol problem severity score at baseline. At Month 6, the low-frequency group reported lower problem severity than the persistent frequent use group across multiple ASI areas, including the cocaine use as well as psychological, family, employment, and legal domains. At Month 12, the low-frequency group did not differ from the abstinent group in problem severity on any ASI domain and, relative to the persistent frequent use group, had lower cocaine use and employment problem severity.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of adopting a harm reduction approach and recognizing the potential clinical benefits associated with nonabstinent outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31495380PMC6739643What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.