ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2019
H3N2 avian influenza viruses detected in live poultry markets in China bind to human-type receptors and transmit in guinea pigs and ferrets.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surveillance and biological characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses in Eastern China.Virulence · 2026Article
- Pre-pandemic contraction, phase-specific rate variation, and site-specific antigenic adaptation shape influenza A(H3N2) evolutionary dynamics in Hubei, China.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Surveillance and cross-species transmission assessment of H3NX avian influenza viruses isolated in Guangdong province, China from 2023 to 2025.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Emergence of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Southern China: Genetic Complexity and Pathogenicity in Chickens and Mice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Animal Models for Swine Influenza Virus Research: Pathology, Viral Dynamics, and Immune Responses.Viruses · 2026Review
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Avian Influenza Viruses and Biomolecular Analysis of H9N2 Subtype in Live Poultry Markets from 2021 to 2023 in Changsha, China.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity of Novel H3 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Development of a Promising Vaccine.Viruses · 2025Article
- Comparative evolution of influenza A virus H1 and H3 head and stalk domains across host species.mBio · 2024Article
- Genetic Diversity and Biological Characteristics of H3 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from China in 2021-2022 Showed the Emerging H3N8 Posed a Threat to Human Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Evolution of Avian Influenza Virus (H3) with Spillover into Humans, China.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Highly Pathogenic H5 Influenza Viruses Isolated between 2016 and 2017 in Vietnamese Live Bird Markets.Viruses · 2023Article
- Review
- Human Immunity and Susceptibility to Influenza A(H3) Viruses of Avian, Equine, and Swine Origin.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Emergence of a novel reassortant H3N6 canine influenza virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genetic and Biological Characterization of H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Poultry Farms in China between 2019 and 2021.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Novel H5N6 reassortants bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene of H5N8 virus have been detected in poultry and caused multiple human infections in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Characterisation, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The H3N2 influenza viruses became widespread in humans during the 1968 H3N2 pandemic and have been a major cause of influenza epidemics ever since. Different lineages of H3N2 influenza viruses are also commonly found in animals. If a different lineage of H3N2 virus jumps to humans, a human influenza pandemic could occur with devastating consequences. Here, we studied the genetics, receptor-binding properties, and replication and transmission in mammals of 15 H3N2 avian influenza viruses detected in live poultry markets in China. We found that the H3N2 avian influenza viruses are complicated reassortants with distinct replication phenotypes in mice. Five viruses replicated efficiently in mice and bound to both human-type and avian-type receptors. These viruses transmitted efficiently to direct-contact guinea pigs, and three of them also transmitted among guinea pigs and ferrets via respiratory droplets. Moreover, ferret antiserum induced by human H3N2 viruses did not react with any of the H3N2 avian influenza viruses. Our study demonstrates that the H3N2 avian influenza viruses pose a clear threat to human health and emphasizes the need for continued surveillance and evaluation of the H3N2 influenza viruses circulating in nature.
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