ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology2020
APETALA 2-like genes AP2L2 and Q specify lemma identity and axillary floral meristem development in wheat.
Article in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Auxin-related regulation of barley floral organ fate: genetic and phenotypic insights from tweaky spike mutants.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Regulation of spikelet number during wheat spike development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial and single-cell expression analyses reveal complex expression domains in early wheat spike development.Genome biology · 2025Article
- AcRR1 of Agropyron cristatum boosts wheat yield by regulating grain number per spike and heading date.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Manipulation of the microRNA172-AP2L2 interaction provides precise control of wheat and triticale plant height.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Testing the potential of zebularine to induce heritable changes in crop growth and development.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- LEAFY and WAPO1 jointly regulate spikelet number per spike and floret development in wheat.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Genome assembly of autotetraploid Actinidia arguta highlights adaptive evolution and enables dissection of important economic traits.Plant communications · 2024Article
- Identification and validation of two major QTL for grain number per spike on chromosomes 2B and 2D in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2024Article
- Accumulation of mutations in theMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2024Article
- Independent genetic factors control floret number and spikelet number inFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Identification of molecular markers and candidate regions associated with grain number per spike in Pubing3228 using SLAF-BSA.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Identification of a novel SNP in the miR172 binding site of Q homoeolog AP2L-D5 is associated with spike compactness and agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2023Article
- Differential gene expression during floral transition in pineapple.Plant direct · 2023Article
- Sequencing 4.3 million mutations in wheat promoters to understand and modify gene expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- IntroducingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Current Progress and Future Prospect of Wheat Genetics Research towards an Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Identification of candidate genes responsible for chasmogamy in wheat.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Linkage and association mapping of ovule number per ovary (ON) in oilseed rape (Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2023Article
- Genetic dissection of major QTL for grain number per spike on chromosomes 5A and 6A in bread wheat (Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In tetraploid (Triticum turgidum) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), the spikelet is a short indeterminate branch with two proximal sterile bracts (glumes) followed by a variable number of florets, each including a bract (lemma) with an axillary flower. Varying levels of miR172 and/or its target gene Q (AP2L5) result in gradual transitions of glumes to lemmas, and vice versa. Here, we show that AP2L5 and its related paralog AP2L2 play critical and redundant roles in the specification of axillary floral meristems and lemma identity. AP2L2, also targeted by miR172, displayed similar expression profiles to AP2L5 during spikelet development. Loss-of-function mutants in both homeologs of AP2L2 (henceforth ap2l2) developed normal spikelets, but ap2l2 ap2l5 double mutants generated spikelets with multiple empty bracts before transitioning to florets. The coordinated nature of these changes suggest an early role of these genes in floret development. Moreover, the flowers of ap2l2 ap2l5 mutants showed organ defects in paleas and lodicules, including the homeotic conversion of lodicules into carpels. Mutations in the miR172 target site of AP2L2 were associated with reduced plant height, more compact spikes, promotion of lemma-like characters in glumes and smaller lodicules. Taken together, our results show that the balance in the expression of miR172 and AP2-like genes is crucial for the correct development of spikelets and florets, and that this balance has been altered during the process of wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare) domestication. The manipulation of this regulatory module provides an opportunity to modify spikelet architecture and improve grain yield.
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