Observational studyPediatric research2020
Asymmetry-index and orthodontic facial analysis of children with foetal alcohol syndrome using 3D-facial scans.
Observational study in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Streamlining asymmetry quantification in fetal mouse imaging: A semi-automated pipeline supported by expert guidance.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway sensitize zebrafish and humans to ethanol-induced jaw malformations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Substance use during pregnancy and childhood dental caries: a Brazilian cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway- Ethanol interactions disrupt palate formation independent of gata3.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- A systematic review: facial, dental and orthodontic findings and orofacial diagnostics in patients with FASD.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Simplifying Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Using Machine Learning Methods.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2020Article
- Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): 3D-Analysis of Palatal Depth and 3D-Metric Facial Length.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Tooth Malformations, DMFT Index, Speech Impairment and Oral Habits in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a complex and heterogenic disorder, caused by gestational exposure to alcohol. Patients with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS-most severe form) show abnormal facial features. Our study aims at finding additional reliable and objective parameters for FAS diagnosis.
methodsFacial three-dimensional scans of 30 children with FAS and 30 controls were analysed. Orthodontic profile analysis (concerning position of upper and lower jaw) was performed. Vertical facial proportions were taken and facial asymmetry index (right to left side) was calculated.
resultsProfile type was significantly different for children with FAS (p = 0.001) with lower jaws more frequently in a retral position. Profile angle was significantly larger in the group with FAS (p = 0.009). Children with FAS had shorter middle thirds and longer lower thirds of the face (p < 0.001). Stomion (point between upper and lower lip) was located significantly more caudally in the FAS group (p < 0.001). Facial asymmetry index was not significantly different.
conclusionsChildren with FAS differ significantly from controls in vertical and sagittal facial measurements. Profile analysis and measurement of vertical proportions are easy to apply standard procedures in everyday orthodontic practice and could be time-saving and objective means for additional verification of FAS.
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