ArticleMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society2019
Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes.
Article in Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood biomarkers and breed genetics of aging in pet dogs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effects of Diets Based on Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver and Different Protein Concentrations on the Formation and Deamination of Biogenic Amines and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Identification of Genomic Signatures in Bullmastiff Dogs Using Composite Selection Signals Analysis of 23 Purebred Clades.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages.Canine medicine and genetics · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGerman shepherd dogs (GSDs) are a popular breed affected by numerous disorders. Few studies have explored genetic variations that influence canine blood metabolite levels.
objectivesTo investigate genetic variants affecting the natural metabolite variation in GSDs.
methodsA total of 82 healthy GSDs were genotyped on the Illumina CanineHD Beadchip, assaying 173,650 markers. For each dog, 74 metabolites were measured through liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS) and were used as phenotypes for genome-wide association analyses (GWAS). Sliding window and homozygosity analyses were conducted to fine-map regions of interest, and to identify haplotypes and gene dosage effects.
resultsSummary statistics for 74 metabolites in this population of GSDs are reported. Forty-one metabolites had significant associations at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Two associations were located around genes which encode for enzymes for the relevant metabolites: 4-hydroxyproline was significantly associated to D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), and threonine to L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (LOC477365). Three of the top ten haplotypes associated to 4-hydroxyproline included at least one SNP on DAO. These haplotypes occurred only in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of 4-hydroxyproline, ranging in frequency from 16.67 to 20%. None of the dogs were homozygous for these haplotypes. The top two haplotypes associated to threonine included SNPs on LOC477365 and were also overrepresented in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of threonine. These haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 90%, with 80% of these dogs homozygous for the haplotypes. In dogs with the lowest 15 measurements of threonine, the haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 26.67% and 0% homozygosity.
conclusionDAO and LOC477365 were identified as candidate genes affecting the natural plasma concentration of 4-hydroxyproline and threonine, respectively. Further investigations are needed to validate the effects of the variants on these genes.
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