ArticleJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2019
Burden of CKD and Cardiovascular Disease on Life Expectancy and Health Service Utilization: a Cohort Study of Hong Kong Chinese Hypertensive Patients.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Kidney health for all: caring for people, protecting the planet.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Kidney health for all: Caring for people, protecting the planet.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Kidney health for all: caring for people, protecting the planet.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Functional Molecular Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Repair in Kidney Disease Progression in Gum Arabica Modality of CKD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A guide to uraemic toxicity.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Kidney Health for all: Caring for People, Protecting the Planet.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Use of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Post-translational modifications in kidney diseases and associated cardiovascular risk.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Mortality risk and years of life lost for people with reduced renal function detected from regular health checkup: A matched cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Glucose Metabolism Indices and the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Persons.International journal of endocrinology · 2023Article
- The current status of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder management in China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Fighting the unbearable lightness of neglecting kidney health: the decade of the kidney.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Review
- Generative adversarial networks for imputing missing data for big data clinical research.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Observational
- Costs of patients with chronic kidney disease in Germany.PloS one · 2020Article
- Kidney health for all: caring for people, protecting the planet.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relative effects of combinations of CKD, heart disease, and stroke on risk of mortality, direct medical costs, and life expectancy are unknown.
methodsIn a retrospective cohort study of 506,849 Chinese adults in Hong Kong with hypertension, we used Cox regressions to examine associations between all-cause mortality and combinations of moderate CKD (eGFR of 30-59 ml/min per 1.73 m
resultsOver a median follow-up of 5.8 years (2.73 million person-years), 55,666 deaths occurred. Having an increasing number of comorbidities was associated with incremental increases in mortality risk and medical costs and reductions in life expectancy. Compared with patients who had neither CKD nor cardiovascular disease, patients with one, two, or three conditions (heart disease, stroke, and moderate CKD) had relative risk of mortality increased by about 70%, 160%, and 290%, respectively; direct medical costs increased by about 70%, 160%, and 280%, respectively; and life expectancy at age 60 years decreased by about 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Burdens were higher with severe CKD.
conclusionsThis study demonstrated extremely high mortality risk and medical cost increases for severe CKD, exceeding the combined effects from heart disease and stroke. Mortality risks and costs for moderate CKD, heart disease, and stroke were similar individually and roughly multiplicative for any combination. These findings suggest that to reduce mortality and health care costs in patients with hypertension, CKD prevention and intervention merits priority equal to that of cardiovascular disease.
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