ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Impact of vertebrate communities on Ixodes ricinus-borne disease risk in forest areas.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Roles of Contrasting Host Types on the Environmental Abundance ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from Swiss residents.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Spatial modeling of Borrelia genospecies in human-biting ticks from the French citizen science programme CiTIQUE.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes inopinatus × I. ricinus hybrids in Central Europe: no link to bird diversity or abundance.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Scientist's Opinion on Climate Change and Hard Ticks (Ixodidae).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Wild mammals as hosts ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Review
- Exploring stakeholder perceptions and priorities related to reducing tick-related public health risks in natural environments of the United Kingdom.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing zoonotic risk in a fenced natural park in northwestern Italy: integrating camera traps for a vector-host approach to investigate tick-borne pathogens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Article
- Transovarial and transstadial transmission of Borrelia valaisiana, the pathogen of Lyme borreliosis, in the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- The occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, Ukraine.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Relating Wildlife Camera Trap Data to Tick Abundance: Testing the Relationship in Different Habitats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The Impact of Altitude on Tick-Borne Pathogens at Two Mountain Ranges in Central Slovakia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- High habitat richness reduces the risk of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe: A multi-scale study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Multiple factors affecting Ixodes ricinus ticks and associated pathogens in European temperate ecosystems (northeastern France).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dynamic nesting ofEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- An Integrated Approach to an Emerging Problem: Implementing a Whole Year of Camera Trap Survey in Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife on Tick Abundance.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Spatial and temporal variation of five different pathogens and symbionts inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- The influence of forest habitat type onCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Absence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Circulation in the Most Widespread Wild Croatian Canine Species, the Red Fox (Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe density of questing ticks infected with tick-borne pathogens is an important parameter that determines tick-borne disease risk. An important factor determining this density is the availability of different wildlife species as hosts for ticks and their pathogens. Here, we investigated how wildlife communities contribute to tick-borne disease risk. The density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum among 19 forest sites were correlated to the encounter probability of different vertebrate hosts, determined by encounter rates as measured by (camera) trapping and mathematical modeling.
resultWe found that the density of any tick life stage was proportional to the encounter probability of ungulates. Moreover, the density of nymphs decreased with the encounter probability of hare, rabbit and red fox. The density of nymphs infected with the transovarially-transmitted B. miyamotoi increased with the density of questing nymphs and the encounter probability of bank vole. The density of nymphs infected with all other pathogens increased with the encounter probability of competent hosts: bank vole for Borrelia afzelii and N. mikurensis, ungulates for A. phagocytophilum and blackbird for Borrelia garinii and Borrelia valaisiana. The negative relationship we found was a decrease in the density of nymphs infected with B. garinii and B. valaisiana with the encounter probability of wood mouse.
conclusionsOnly a few animal species drive the densities of infected nymphs in forested areas. There, foxes and leporids have negative effects on tick abundance, and consequently on the density of infected nymphs. The abundance of competent hosts generally drives the abundances of their tick-borne pathogen. A dilution effect was only observed for bird-associated Lyme spirochetes.
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