ArticleCancers2019
Repurposing Penfluridol in Combination with Temozolomide for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Harnessing Repurposed Drugs to Enhance Temozolomide Efficacy in Glioblastoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Drug repurposing in oncology: a path beyond the bottleneck.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Drug repositioning: examining antipsychotic drugs and their anticancer effects.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- A New Adjuvant Treatment for Glioblastoma Using Aprepitant, Vortioxetine, Roflumilast and Olanzapine: The AVRO Regimen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Repurposing of nervous system drugs for cancer treatment: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Anticancer effect of the antipsychotic agent penfluridol on epithelial ovarian cancer.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2025Article
- Editorial: Drug repurposing for cancer treatment: current and future directions.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Repurposing the antipsychotic drug penfluridol for cancer treatment (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Multi-omics and pharmacological characterization of patient-derived glioma cell lines.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Targeted c-Myc Inhibition and Systemic Temozolomide Therapy Extend Survival in Glioblastoma Xenografts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The complex relationship between integrins and oncolytic herpes Simplex Virus 1 in high-grade glioma therapeutics.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Review
- Repurposing non-oncology small-molecule drugs to improve cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- The inhibitory effect and mechanism of quetiapine on tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.Environmental toxicology · 2022Article
- Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Blocking MMP-12-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repurposing penfluridol restrains lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via uPA/uPAR/TGF-β/Akt pathway.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Nitidine chloride suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like properties in glioblastoma by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- An Alternative Pipeline for Glioblastoma Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Drug Repurposing in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- Drug Resistance and Novel Therapies in Cancers in 2019.Cancers · 2021Article
- Selective Inhibition of HDAC1 by Macrocyclic Polypeptide for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Binding Mechanistic Analysis Based on Molecular Dynamics.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the presence of aggressive treatment strategies, glioblastoma remains intractable, warranting a novel therapeutic modality. An oral antipsychotic agent, penflurido (PFD), used for schizophrenia treatment, has shown an antitumor effect on various types of cancer cells. As glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) are known to mediate drug resistance in glioblastoma, and considering that antipsychotics can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, we investigated the antitumor effect of PFD on patient-derived GSCs. Using five GSCs, we found that PFD exerts an antiproliferative effect in a time- and dose-dependent manner. At IC50, spheroid size and second-generation spheroid formation were significantly suppressed. Stemness factors, SOX2 and OCT4, were decreased. PFD treatment reduced cancer cell migration and invasion by reducing the Integrin α6 and uPAR levels and suppression of the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, vimentin and Zeb1. GLI1 was found to be involved in PFD-induced EMT inhibition. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of PFD with temozolomide (TMZ) significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. Immunostaining revealed decreased expression of GLI1, SOX2, and vimentin in the PFD treatment group but not in the TMZ-only treatment group. Therefore, PFD can be effectively repurposed for the treatment of glioblastoma by combining it with TMZ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.