ArticlePloS one2019
The rising incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis: A 7-year nationwide survey and clinical assessment of risk factors and functional outcomes.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orthokeratology lens-relatedThe Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- A Multicenter, Real-World Experience with Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) 0.08% Monotherapy for Treating Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Retrospective Review of 39 Cases.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors for therapeutic keratoplasty in Acanthamoeba keratitis: a retrospective study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Contact lens-associated infectious keratitis: microbiological profile, management, and hygiene behaviors in a tertiary eye hospital.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Acanthamoeba Keratitis: 34-Year Epidemiological Profile.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic Landscape Reveals Correlation of Endosymbiont Ralstonia With Acanthamoeba Keratitis Severity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Emerging Ocular Pathogen Resistance and Clinically Used Solutions: A Problem That Is More than Meets the Eye.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Incidence of Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Switzerland.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- In vitro evaluation of 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridinium and 4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidinium-based polycationic polymers against Acanthamoeba hatchetti.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Time-Lapse Tracking of Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoite Activity During Exposure to Contact Lens Disinfectants.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Polihexanide (PHMB) 0.08% versus currently used treatments forBMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare PainlessJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acanthamoeba Keratitis Management and Prognostic Factors: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Optical Coherence Tomography in Infectious Keratitis After Femtosecond Keratorefractive Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Same-session dual chromophore riboflavin/UV-A and rose bengal/green light PACK-CXL in Acanthamoeba keratitis: a case report.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Demographic Characteristics, Contributing Risk Factors, and Prognosis ofClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Acanthamoeba keratitis: from pathophysiology to prevention, a contemporary clinical perspective.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2025Review
- Rethinking Keratoplasty for Patients with Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Early "Low Load Keratoplasty" in Contrast to Late Optical and Therapeutic Keratoplasty.Microorganisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2015 and to analyse predicting factors for treatment outcome.
methodsPatient characteristics, diagnostic methods, diagnostic delay, therapy prior to and after diagnosis, and visual outcome were obtained from medical files of all patients diagnosed with Acanthamoeba keratitis in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2015. A logistic regression analysis on treatment failure, defined as a best corrected visual acuity of less than 20/40 Snellen decimals (i.e. >0.3 logMAR or an approximate loss of three lines of visual acuity) and/or the need for keratoplasty, was performed to determine predicting factors.
resultsTwo hundred and twenty-four eyes of 224 patients were included. Ninety-five percent of the patients were contact lens wearers, of whom 74% wore soft contact lenses. The number of cases increased from 16 in 2009 to 49 in 2015. This resulted in an estimated incidence of 1 in 21,000 for soft contact lens wearers in 2015. Eighty-seven eyes (39%) met the criteria for treatment failure. In a multivariable regression analysis, higher age at presentation, a higher severity stage and corticosteroid use before diagnosis were positively correlated with treatment failure. Early referral to a cornea specialist was associated with better clinical outcomes.
conclusionsAlthough Acanthamoeba keratitis is still a relatively uncommon disease, the incidence in soft contact lens wearers has increased to reach 1 in 21,000 in 2015. Treatment failure occurred in 39% of cases, with age, higher severity stage, corticosteroid use before diagnosis and indirect referral to a cornea specialist as important risks factors.
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