ArticlePloS one2019
The effect of tobacco expenditure on expenditure shares in South African households: A genetic matching approach.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Healthy Aging Adult South Africa report card: a systematic review of the evidence between 2013 and 2020 for middle-aged South African men and women.Cardiovascular journal of AfricaPooled it
- Crowding-out effect of out-of-pocket expenditure on non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a Nigerian case study.International health · 2026Article
- The dual impact of tobacco spending: crowding out essentials and crowding in addictive behaviors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Impact of tobacco spending on intrahousehold resource allocation in Montenegro.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Article
- Does tobacco expenditure influence household spending patterns in Ghana?: Evidence from the Ghana 2012/2013 Living Standards Survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This paper examines whether tobacco expenditure leads to the crowding out or crowding in of different expenditure items in South Africa. We apply genetic matching to expenditure quartiles of the 2010/2011 South African Income and Expenditure Survey. Genetic matching is a more appealing approach for dealing with the endogeneity of tobacco expenditure that often plagues studies using systems of demand equations. Further, genetic matching provides transparent measures of covariate balance giving the analyst objective means of assessing match success. We find that the poorest tobacco consuming households in South Africa consistently allocate smaller budget shares towards food items than non-smoking households. Specifically, we find that dairy, fruits, nuts and oils are displaced in favour of tobacco expenditure in the two poorest quartiles. Unsurprisingly, food items are never displaced for households in the top two quartiles, given these households' greater access to resources. Like other studies in the literature, we find that tobacco expenditure consistently crowds-in alcohol across all quartiles confirming the strong complementarities between the two.
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