ArticlePloS one2019
Inflammatory biomarker levels over 48 weeks with dual vs triple lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy: Substudy of a randomized trial.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal changes in plasma biomarkers of immune activation, neuronal inflammation and injury in persons with HIV initiating ART.HIV medicine · 2026Trial
- HIV-1 Disease Progression and Drug Resistance Mutations among Children on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- HAART induced inflammation, toxicity and its determinants among HIV positive children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Burden of hepatitis B virus and syphilis co-infections and its impact on HIV treatment outcome in Ethiopia: nationwide community-based study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Two-drug regimens for HIV treatment.The lancet. HIV · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients. We compared inflammatory biomarkers with dual therapy using lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine (LPV/r+3TC) versus triple therapy using LPV/r plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (LPV/r+2NRTIs) in treatment-naïve HIV-positive adults.
methodsThis was a substudy among Argentinian participants in the randomized trial GARDEL. We measured hsCRP, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF, D-dimer and sCD14 from plasma collected at baseline, week 24 and week 48. Generalized estimating equations with an identity/logit link were used to model the average impact of dual versus triple therapy on each biomarker over time, controlling for baseline levels. Additional models estimated the average effect of virologic suppression on biomarker levels over time, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline CD4 count.
resultsOf 191 trial participants enrolled in Argentina, 172 had baseline and follow-up measurements and were included. Median (IQR) age was 35.5 (28.5, 45) years and CD4 cell count was 310 (219, 414) cells/mm3. Dual therapy was not associated with significantly different biomarker levels over 48 weeks relative to triple therapy. Virologic suppression was associated with statistically significant decreases in MCP-1, TNF and D-dimer levels and an unexpected increase in sCD14 levels. No change was observed in hsCRP or the proportion of participants with undetectable IL-6 levels.
conclusionsIn addition to having virologic non-inferiority, LPV/r+3TC dual therapy is generally associated with similar inflammatory biomarker levels over 48 weeks compared to LPV/r+2NRTIs triple therapy in treatment-naïve adults. Further study of dual treatment regimens is warranted.
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