Observational studyMedicine2019
Total cholesterol and mortality from ischemic heart disease and overall cardiovascular disease in Korean adults.
Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Triglyceride levels and its association with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes among patients with heart failure.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Clinical Epidemiology of Hypertension in Rural Thailand: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Global heart · 2025Article
- Serum fibrinogen & total cholesterol: A significant primary biomarker and its interrelationship in stroke.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Overlapping Pattern of the Four Individual Components of Dyslipidemia in Adults: Analysis of Nationally Representative Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Inequalities in premature mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the WHO European region.Central European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality in statin non-users: a prospective cohort study in 14.9 million Korean adults.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Tenofovir alafenamide treatment may not worsen the lipid profile of chronic hepatitis B patients: A propensity score-matched analysis.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Article
- Sex- and Age-Specific Trends in Cardiovascular Health in Korea, 2007-2018.Korean circulation journal · 2021Article
- IAF, QGF, and QDF Peptides Exhibit Cholesterol-Lowering Activity through a Statin-like HMG-CoA Reductase Regulation Mechanism: In Silico and In Vitro Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with coronary heart disease in Xinjiang, China.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Article
- Perspective: The Saturated Fat-Unsaturated Oil Dilemma: Relations of Dietary Fatty Acids and Serum Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Article
- Mortality-and Health-Related Factors in a Community-Dwelling of Oldest-Older Adults at the Age of 90: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Waist Circumference as a Preventive Tool of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults Males: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Genetics of Hypercholesterolemia: Comparison Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia Nonrelated to LDL Receptor.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is not completely clear whether "the lower, the better" cholesterol hypothesis for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) can be applied to general populations with a low risk of heart disease mortality.We prospectively followed up 503,340 Koreans who participated in routine health checkups during 2002-2003 until 2013 via linkage to national mortality records.Nonlinear associations with total cholesterol (TC) were found: U-curves for overall CVD (I00-I99; nadir at 180-200 mg/dL) and a reverse-L-curve for IHD (I20-I25). Assuming a linear association in the lower range (<200 mg/dL), TC was inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR per 39 mg/dL [1 mmol/L] increase = 0.90). In the upper range (200-349 mg/dL), TC was positively associated with CVD mortality, largely due to IHD (HR = 1.19), especially acute myocardial infarction (HR = 1.23). The associations were generally similar in men versus women and in middle-aged (40-64 years) versus elderly (≥65 years) adults.TC levels of 180-200 mg/dL were associated with the lowest CVD mortality. Below 200 mg/dL, TC had no graded positive associations with IHD mortality. It remains unclear whether the lowest cholesterol levels are associated with the least mortality from CVD and IHD in Korean adults with a low risk of heart disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.