ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2019
Conjunctival HLA-DR Expression and Its Association With Symptoms and Signs in the DREAM Study.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02128763 (Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between lid margin collarettes and dry eye disease severity in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Trial
- The effect of 0.1% topical ciclosporin a for 12-weeks on the ocular surface innate and adaptive immune response in dry eye disease: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating conjunctival immune pathways in Sjögren and non-Sjögren disease associated dry eye.The ocular surface · 2026Article
- Cord Blood Serum Attenuates Hyperosmolarity-Induced Inflammation and TRPV1 Upregulation in Conjunctival Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of Ocular Surface Immune Cells With Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Association of Tear Cytokine Concentrations with Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: Baseline Data from the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.Current eye research · 2023Article
- Clinical relationship between dry eye disease and uveitis: a scoping review.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2023Article
- Potential Biomarkers for Allergic Conjunctival Diseases.Eye & contact lens · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEvaluation of dry eye disease (DED) relies on subjective symptoms and signs. We examined HLA-DR expression (HLA-DR%) in conjunctival cells, a minimally invasive biomarker with objective metrics, as an alternative method.
methodsDry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Clinicians evaluated tear volume, tear breakup time, and corneal and conjunctival staining. Conjunctival impression cytology samples (
resultsThe HLA-DR% varied markedly across samples. Over 40% had <5 HLA-DR% positive cells in TCs and ECs and under 23% in WBCs. Higher HLA-DR% was associated with higher conjunctival staining for ECs (mean score 2.77 for <5% and 3.28 for >25%, linear trend
conclusionsThe distribution of HLA-DR% in conjunctival cells reflects the heterogeneity of disease in DREAM participants. High percentages of samples with <5% positive cells indicate that HLA-DR% may not be a sensitive marker for DED in all patients. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: High HLA-DR% in ECs in association with high conjunctival staining may identify a subgroup of DED patients prone to epithelial disease and possibly need a different approach from current standards of treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.