ArticleBMJ open2019
Prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity among hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study in rural South Asia-Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between female sex-specific risk factors and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Associations of eight insulin resistance-related indices and genetic risk with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity among participants with hypertension: a large prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Observational
- The relationship between social risk profile of middle-aged and older adults in the united States and circadian syndrome and all-cause mortality: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The correlation between different metabolic scores and the risk of cardiometabolic comorbidities in hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Platelet to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Hypertensive Patients.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Perceived Discrimination Is a Mediator of Rural Identity and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Among U.S. Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Diet-lifestyle oxidative balance in relation to cardiometabolic multimorbidity: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and symptoms of common mental disorders in a primary healthcare system for low-income urban population in Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The pattern of diabetic care and glycemic control among the ambulatory diabetic patients in tertiary care settings in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of plasma homocysteine with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study in northwest China.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on prognosis of patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease in the Pakistani American Population.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Capacity for the management of kidney failure in the International Society of Nephrology South Asia region: report from the 2023 ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA).Kidney international supplements · 2024Review
- Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among Chinese hypertensive patients.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
- Association of adiposity indicators with cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in hypertensive patients: a large cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Association between fatty liver index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: evidence from the cross-sectional national health and nutrition examination survey.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Comorbidity on the Duration from Symptom Onset to Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Study of 104,753 Cases in Pakistan.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure guideline and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese adults.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Observational
- Association between healthy lifestyle and the occurrence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determinate the prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and their cross-country variation among individuals with hypertension residing in rural communities in South Asia.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingRural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
participantsA total of 2288 individuals with hypertension aged ≥40 years from the ongoing Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation- Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka clinical trial.
main outcome measuresCMM was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the conditions: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. Logistic regression was done to evaluate the correlates of CMM.
resultsAbout 25.4% (95% CI 23.6% to 27.2%) of the hypertensive individuals had CMM. Factors positively associated with CMM included residing in Bangladesh (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.52 to 4.65) or Sri Lankan (3.73, 95% CI 2.48 to 5.61) versus in Pakistan, advancing age (2.33, 95% CI 1.59 to 3.40 for 70 years and over vs 40-49 years), higher waist circumference (2.15, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.25) for Q2-Q3 and 2.14, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.06 for Q3 and above), statin use (2.43, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.22), and higher levels of triglyceride (1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02 per 5 mg/dL increase). A lower odds of CMM was associated with being physically active (0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97). A weak inverted J-shaped association between International Wealth Index and CMM was found (p for non-linear=0.058), suggesting higher risk in the middle than higher or lower socioeconomic strata.
conclusionsCMM is highly prevalent in rural South Asians affecting one in four individuals with hypertension. There is an urgent need for strategies to concomitantly manage hypertension, cardiometabolic comorbid conditions and associated determinants in South Asia.
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