ArticleParasitology2020
Heterogeneity in helminth infections: factors influencing aggregation in a simple host-parasite system.
Article in Parasitology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hitching a ride across the continental divide of Mexico: the twospot livebearer Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus carried its Gyrodactylus spp. when translocated from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean versant.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Geographic differentiation of ectoparasitic flatworms in the pelagic zone of Lake Tanganyika, Africa.Frontiers in zoology · 2026Article
- Drivers of tick community structure in a rhinoceros meta-population in Kenya.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Mean Faecal Gastrointestinal Nematode Egg Excretion in Horses and Its Variability: Implications for Control.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal infection and diversity indices of gastrointestinal helminths in Xenopus species from Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- The impact of helminth infection in fish farms on wild trout populations: host immune regulation of disease risk.Parasitology · 2025Article
- A survey of nematodes in the European hake (Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Effect of altitude and spatial heterogeneity on the host-parasite relationship in anurans from a remnant humid forest in the brazilian semiarid.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Anthelmintic Treatment and the Stability of Parasite Distribution in Ruminants.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Distribution of different species of metacercariae in two freshwater fishes:Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Article
- Experimental evidence that host choice by parasites is age-dependent in a fish-monogenean system.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Low host specificity and lack of parasite avoidance by immature ticks in Brazilian birds.Parasitology research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The almost universally-occurring aggregated distributions of helminth burdens in host populations have major significance for parasite population ecology and evolutionary biology, but the mechanisms generating heterogeneity remain poorly understood. For the direct life cycle monogenean Discocotyle sagittata infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, variables potentially influencing aggregation can be analysed individually. This study was based at a fish farm where every host individual becomes infected by D. sagittata during each annual transmission period. Worm burdens were examined in one trout population maintained in isolation for 9 years, exposed to self-contained transmission. After this year-on-year recruitment, prevalence was 100% with intensities 10-2628, mean 576, worms per host. Parasite distribution, amongst hosts with the same age and environmental experience, was highly aggregated with variance to mean ratio 834 and negative binomial parameter, k, 0.64. The most heavily infected 20% of fish carried around 80% of the total adult parasite population. Aggregation develops within the first weeks post-infection; hosts typically carried intensities of successive age-specific cohorts that were consistent for that individual, such that heavily-infected individuals carried high numbers of all parasite age classes. Results suggest that host factors alone, operating post-infection, are sufficient to generate strongly overdispersed parasite distributions, rather than heterogeneity in exposure and initial invasion.
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