Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2019
Ecological momentary assessment of using food to soothe during infancy in the INSIGHT trial.
Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01167270 (The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identifying behavior change techniques (BCTs) in responsive feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity-A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Ecological Momentary Assessment Reveals Causal Effects of Music Enrichment on Infant Mood.Child developmentTrial
- Sleep SAAF Responsive Parenting Intervention for Black Mothers Impacts Response to Infant Crying: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Academic pediatricsTrial
- Transactional Associations Between Bottle to Bed and Infant Sleep Problems Over the First Year.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- The right dose of data: balancing reliability and participant burden in a validated daily measure of food parenting practices.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- The combined effect of family environment and parents' characteristics on the use of food to soothe children.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Adaptive Text Messaging for Postpartum Risky Drinking: Conceptual Model and Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Tracking Infant Development With a Smartphone: A Practical Guide to the Experience Sampling Method.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Associations between maternal and paternal feeding styles of infants in a racially diverse US birth cohort.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUse of food to soothe infant distress has been linked to greater weight in observational studies. We used ecological momentary assessment to capture detailed patterns of food to soothe and evaluate if a responsive parenting intervention reduced parents' use of food to soothe.
methodsPrimiparous mother-newborn dyads were randomized to a responsive parenting intervention designed for obesity prevention or a safety control group. Responsive parenting curriculum included guidance on using alternative soothing strategies (e.g., swaddling), rather than feeding, as the first response to infant fussiness. After the initial intervention visit 3 weeks after delivery, mothers (n = 157) were surveyed for two 5-8 day bursts at infant ages 3 and 8 weeks. Surveys were sent via text message every 4 h between 10:00 AM-10:00 PM, with 2 surveys sent at 8:00 AM asking about nighttime hours. Infant fusses and feeds were reported for each 4-h interval. Food to soothe was defined as "Fed First" and "Not Fed First" in response to a fussy event. Use of food to soothe was modeled using random-intercept logistic regression.
resultsThe control group had greater odds of having Fed First, compared to the responsive parenting group at ages 3 and 8 weeks (3 weeks: OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.4-2.7; p < 0.01; 8 weeks: OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0-2.1; p = 0.053). More responsive parenting mothers reported using a responsive parenting intervention strategy first, before feeding, than controls at ages 3 and 8 weeks (3 weeks: 58.1% vs. 41.9%; 8 weeks: 57.1% vs. 42.9%, respectively; p < 0.01 for both). At both ages combined, fewer fusses from responsive parenting infants were soothed best by feeding compared to controls (49.5% vs. 61.0%, respectively; p < 0.01). For both study groups combined, parents had greater odds of having Fed First during the nighttime compared to the daytime at both ages (3 weeks: OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4-1.8; p < 0.01; 8 weeks: OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.7-2.6; p < 0.01).
conclusionsINSIGHT's responsive parenting intervention reduced use of food to soothe and increased use of alternative soothing strategies in response to infant fussiness. Education on responsive parenting behaviors around fussing and feeding during early infancy has the potential to improve later self-regulation and weight gain trajectory.
trial registrationNCT01167270 . Registered July 21, 2010.
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