ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Platycodigenin as Potential Drug Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease via Modulating Microglial Polarization and Neurite Regeneration.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immuno-Glial Connectome in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Networks.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Proneurogenic and microglial modulatory properties of botulinum neurotoxin in the hippocampus of aging experimental mice.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Antibody targeting TDP-43 mitigates pathogenic pathways induced by the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Bidirectional Interplay Between Microglia and Mast Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Overexpression of TGFBR3 Aggravates Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation by Promoting Microglia M1 Polarization in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The bioactive compounds, beneficial medicinal properties, and biotechnological prospects ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Natural saponins and macrophage polarization: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives in disease management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Novel floxed cannabinoid receptor 2 mouse line combines knockout capability with dual fluorescent reporters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The activation impact of lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microglia on Neurodevelopment and Brain Function in Autism.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Platycodin D and voluntary running synergistically ameliorate memory deficits in 5 × FAD mice via mediating neuromodulation and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Physio-Pathological Role of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Expressed by Microglia in Health and Disease with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Microglia in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- The markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages related to metabolic disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- The heterogeneity of microglial activation and its epigenetic and non-coding RNA regulations in the immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rice Solid-State Fermentation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory microenvironment, regulating neurite regrowth and neuronal survival, plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). During neuroinflammation, microglia are activated, inducing the release of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors depending on their polarization into classical M1 microglia or alternative M2 phenotype. Therefore, optimizing brain microenvironment by small molecule-targeted microglia polarization and promoting neurite regeneration might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. In this study, we found platycodigenin, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 and primary microglia. Platycodigenin downregulated pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO), while upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further investigation confirmed that platycodigenin inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) positive M1 but increased Ym1/2 positive M2 microglial polarization in primary microglia. In addition, platycodigenin significantly decreased LPS-induced the hyperphosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunits. Furthermore, the inactivation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) induced by LPS was completely ameliorated by platycodigenin. Platycodigenin also promoted neurite regeneration and neuronal survival after Aβ treatment in primary cortical neurons. Taken together, our study for the first time clarified that platycodigenin effectively ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and Aβ-induced neurite atrophy and neuronal death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.