ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is rare but ecologically established and widely dispersed in the environment in Puerto Rico.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discovery of the Phosphonate Flavophos Produced byJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Global dispersal of Burkholderia pseudomallei and the evolving endemicity of melioidosis in the United States of America.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Discovery of the Phosphonate Flavophos Produced bybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evidence of populational Burkholderia pseudomallei exposure in Madagascar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Importance of Studying Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Wild Animals in the Amazon Biome with a Focus on One Health.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Immune responses following DNA vaccination by needle-free injection againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Melioidosis in goats at a single Australian farm was caused by multiple diverse lineages of Burkholderia pseudomallei present in soil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Multilocus sequence typing of clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Cambodia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Virulome and phylogenomic profiling of a novel Burkholderia pseudomallei strain from an Indian clinical isolate.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2024Article
- Role of the type 6 secretion system on apoptosis and macrophage polarization during Burkholderia pseudomallei infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Reassessing the distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei outside known endemic areas using animal serological screening combined with environmental surveys: The case of Les Saintes (Guadeloupe) and French Guiana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Expanding Global Footprint of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Melioidosis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Burkholderia thailandensis Isolated from the Environment, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Diverse lineages of pathogenic Leptospira species are widespread in the environment in Puerto Rico, USA.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Burkholderia orbicola sp. nov., a novel species within the Burkholderia cepacia complex.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Multiple phylogenetically-diverse, differentially-virulent Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from a single soil sample collected in Thailand.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Crystal structure of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Burkholderia pseudomallei.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2022Article
- Crystal structure of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Burkholderia phymatum in complex with NAD.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundBurkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. The global burden and distribution of melioidosis is poorly understood, including in the Caribbean. B. pseudomallei was previously isolated from humans and soil in eastern Puerto Rico but the abundance and distribution of B. pseudomallei in Puerto Rico as a whole has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe collected 600 environmental samples (500 soil and 100 water) from 60 sites around Puerto Rico. We identified B. pseudomallei by isolating it via culturing and/or using PCR to detect its DNA within complex DNA extracts. Only three adjacent soil samples from one site were positive for B. pseudomallei with PCR; we obtained 55 isolates from two of these samples. The 55 B. pseudomallei isolates exhibited fine-scale variation in the core genome and contained four novel genomic islands. Phylogenetic analyses grouped Puerto Rico B. pseudomallei isolates into a monophyletic clade containing other Caribbean isolates, which was nested inside a larger clade containing all isolates from Central/South America. Other Burkholderia species were commonly observed in Puerto Rico; we cultured 129 isolates from multiple soil and water samples collected at numerous sites around Puerto Rico, including representatives of B. anthina, B. cenocepacia, B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. glumae, B. seminalis, B. stagnalis, B. ubonensis, and several unidentified novel Burkholderia spp. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: B. pseudomallei was only detected in three soil samples collected at one site in north central Puerto Rico with only two of those samples yielding isolates. All previous human and environmental B. pseudomallei isolates were obtained from eastern Puerto Rico. These findings suggest B. pseudomallei is ecologically established and widely dispersed in the environment in Puerto Rico but rare. Phylogeographic patterns suggest the source of B. pseudomallei populations in Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the Caribbean may have been Central or South America.
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