ArticleInternational journal of public health2019
The visibility of smoking in Europe and its relationship with youth's positive beliefs about smoking.
Article in International journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Restructuring areas, reshaping norms: Denormalizing (e-)cigarette use in Swiss vocational and high schools.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Factors sustaining legitimacy of smoking in Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools: a qualitative needs assessment.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Trends in smoking-related diseases by socioeconomic position following a national smoking ban in 2007: a nationwide study in the Danish population.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The association between objectively measured exposure to tobacco outlets and smoking cognitions: a study among non-smoking adolescents in four Dutch cities.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Exposure to Tobacco Smoking in Vehicles, Indoor, and Outdoor Settings in Germany: Prevalence and Associated Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries.Environmental research · 2021Article
- [The association between school tobacco policies and the perceived smoking prevalence of adolescents].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine adolescent-reported visibility of smoking in different public and private spaces in Europe and associations between smoking visibility and beliefs about the benefits of smoking.
methodsWe used SILNE-R cross-sectional survey data (2016/2017) of 10,798 14-16-year-old students from 55 secondary schools in seven European cities. Respondents reported for private and public spaces whether they had seen others smoke there in the last 6 months. Beliefs about the benefits of smoking were measured on a 7-item scale; higher scores indicated more positive beliefs. Multilevel linear regression analyses determined associations while controlling for potential confounders and stratifying by smoking status.
resultsMost students reported observing others smoke in public spaces, especially at train/bus stations (84%). Positive beliefs about smoking of never smokers were positively associated with seeing others smoke in train/bus stations and leisure/sports facilities, but not at home, a friend's home, restaurants or bars, when fully adjusted. Associations were of similar magnitude for ever smokers.
conclusionsSmoking in several public places is highly visible to adolescents. Reducing this visibility might weaken positive beliefs that adolescents have about smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.