ArticleOncology reports2019
Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells.
Article in Oncology reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05631041 (The Possible Anticancer Effect of Silymarin in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Possible Anticancer Effect of Silymarin in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quercetin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity While Enhancing Antitumor Efficacy in Gastric Cancer via Cell Type-Specific Modulation of the ERK1/2 Pathway.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Review
- Targetable pathways for drug repurposing in gastric cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Hepatoprotective Effect of Silymarin Herb in Prevention of Liver Dysfunction Using Pig as Animal Model.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Development of Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticles for Modulating Gastric Ulcer Healing: A Comparative In Vivo Study Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Medicinal plants: nutritional, immunological and therapeutic role in treating cancer-related malnutrition: a comprehensive review.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in management of breast cancers in Qatar.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Dietary silymarin supplementation enhances chemotherapy efficacy of capecitabine and irinotecan and mitigates hepatotoxicity in a mouse model of colon cancer.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the anti-cancer and antimetastatic effect of Silymarin against lung cancer.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Silymarin in Mitigating Paclitaxel-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: Insights into Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats.Balkan medical journal · 2024Article
- Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Co-treatment of silymarin and cisplatin inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Targeting TGF-β1/miR-21 Pathway in Keratinocytes Reveals Protective Effects of Silymarin on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Mouse Model.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2023Article
- Trends and recent progresses of selenium nanoparticles as novel autophagy regulators for therapeutic development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of carcinogens in gastric cancer with a glimpse into targeted therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apoptosis is regarded as a therapeutic target because it is typically disturbed in human cancer. Silymarin from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties via regulation of apoptosis as well as anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. In the present study, the effects of silymarin on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis were examined in human gastric cancer cells. The viability of AGS human gastric cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay. The migration of AGS cells was investigated by wound healing assay. Silymarin was revealed to significantly decrease viability and migration of AGS cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, the number of apoptotic bodies and the rate of apoptosis were increased in a dose‑dependent manner as determined by DAPI staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. The changes in the expression of silymarin‑induced apoptosis proteins were investigated in human gastric cancer cells by western blotting analysis. Silymarin increased the expression of Bax, phosphorylated (p)‑JNK and p‑p38, and cleaved poly‑ADP ribose polymerase, and decreased the levels of Bcl‑2 and p‑ERK1/2 in a concentration‑dependent manner. The in vivo tumor growth inhibitory effect of silymarin was investigated. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the AGS tumor volume and increased apoptosis, as assessed by the TUNEL assay, confirming its tumor‑inhibitory effect. Immunohistochemical staining revealed elevated expression of p‑JNK and p‑p38 as well as reduced expression of p‑ERK1/2 associated with silymarin‑treatment. Silymarin was revealed to reduce tumor growth through inhibition of p‑ERK and activation of p‑p38 and p‑JNK in human gastric cancer cells. These results indicated that silymarin has potential for development as a cancer therapeutic due to its growth inhibitory effects and induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells.
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