ArticleBMC health services research2019
Loss to follow-up and associated factors among adult people living with HIV at public health facilities in Wakiso district, Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence of loss to follow‑up among East African adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Factors related to loss to follow-up among people living with HIV: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Pooled it
- Predictors of lost to follow up from antiretroviral therapy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- Mortality and Loss to Follow-Up Among Adolescents and Young Adults Attending HIV Care Programs in Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Trial
- Article
- Incidence and predictors of lost to follow-up in "test and treat era" among adults on ART in Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Strategies to improve retention in care among people living with HIV at health facilities in Manaus, Brazil: insight from health care providers.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Predicting patient dropout: a nomogram for loss to follow-up afterFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Factors associated with loss to follow-up among people living with HIV at public health facilities in Manaus, Brazil: a multicentric study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Return to care of children and adolescents living with HIV who missed their clinic visits or were lost to follow-up: a continuous quality improvement study in Uganda.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among South Sudanese refugees with HIV receiving care in Adjumani District, Uganda.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Trends and factors associated with retention in HIV care among men living with HIV in a peri-urban primary care facility in central Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Development of a machine learning prediction model for loss to follow-up in HIV care using routine electronic medical records in a low-resource setting.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors of ART Follow-Up Loss in HIV Patients (2018-2022): A Retrospective Cohort Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictors of loss to follow-up among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in a rural health facility using paper-based records.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Time-dependent predictors of loss to follow-up in HIV care in low-resource settings: A competing risks approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- Rate and predictors of loss to follow-up in HIV care in a low-resource setting: analyzing critical risk periods.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Effects of Multi-Month Dispensing on Clinical Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Analysis Conducted in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLoss to follow-up (LTFU) from care among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is thought to be more common in the public setting compared to the private health care. It is anticipated that the problem may become worse with the current "test and treat" policy in Uganda due to the likely increases in patient loads and its attendant pressure on health care providers to support patient counseling. This study determined the incidence and factors associated with LTFU from HIV care among adult PLHIV in public health facilities in Wakiso district, Uganda.
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that involved the review of 646 records of patients initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2017 at 13 randomly selected public health facilities in Wakiso district. The cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the factors associated with LTFU. The results were supported by sequential in-depth and key informant interviews to explore reasons for LTFU.
resultsOf the 646 patients enrolled, 391 were female (60.5%), 282 were below 30 years (43.6%) and 207 were married (50.1%). A total of 216 patients (33.4%) had no documented outcomes and were considered LTFU. The incidence of LTFU was 21 per 1000 person months (95% confidence interval (CI): 18-25 per 1000 person months). Factors associated with LTFU included having normal weight compared to underweight (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90, p = 0.011), receiving HIV care from hospitals compared to lower level facilities (aHR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41, p < 0.001), and no telephone contact compared to those with a telephone contact (aHR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.33-3.51, p = 0.002). Stigmatization and long waiting times were the prominent reasons for LTFU reported from the in-depth and key informant interviews.
conclusionsThe incidence of LTFU in public health facilities in Uganda is quite high and is associated with being underweight, not having a telephone contact to receive reminders and receiving care at lower level facilities. Early diagnosis, routine use of patient address locator forms and improved quality of HIV care at lower level health facilities may reduce LTFU among PLHIV.
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