Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31484309›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2019

Evaluating Animal-Assisted Interventions: An Empirical Illustration of Differences between Outcome Measures.

Steffie van der Steen, Merel M P Heineman, Marloes J A Ernst

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  4. Trial
  5. Article
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  7. Review
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  12. The State of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Addressing the Contemporary Issues that will Shape the Future.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Steffie van der SteenDepartment of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands. s.van.der.steen@rug.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-7827-4525
Merel M P HeinemanDepartment of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Marloes J A ErnstDepartment of Psychology, Open University The Netherlands, Heerlen 6400, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple authors have called for strong empirical evaluations to strengthen the foundation of Animal-Assisted Interventions. Carefully choosing the outcome measures of these studies is important, as choosing the wrong outcomes may lead to a failure to detect effects. The current study therefore compares and contrasts the use of several outcome measures, to assess the effect of an equine-assisted intervention for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: (1) a semi-structured interview with both parents, specifically designed for children with cognitive disabilities, (2) a general screening instrument filled out by both parents separately, which can be used to assess children's psycho-social problems, and (3) systematic observations of social and communication skills during the equine-assisted sessions. All instruments indicated an improvement in the participant's social and communication skills. We found differences between the interview and questionnaires with regard to parents' perception of aggression regulation and interacting with peers. Differences with regard to parental reports and observations were found for play development and anxiety. The observations provided a detailed view of the child's development during the intervention, which yielded an interesting hypothesis in terms of the current dose-response discussion in AAI for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Indexed as

autism spectrum disordercommunicationdose–responseequine-assisted interventionobservationsparental reportsocial skills

Identifiers

PMID31484309
PMCPMC6770002

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.