ArticleScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports2020
High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance.
Article in Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05506579 (Musculoskeletal Injuries, Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions and Menstrual Irregularities in Norwegian Rhythmic Gymnasts and Dancers - Observational and Cluster Randomized Controlled Studies), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Musculoskeletal Injuries, Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions and Menstrual Irregularities in Norwegian Rhythmic Gymnasts and Dancers - Observational and Cluster Randomized Controlled Studies
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Powerlifting and Weightlifting on Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Systematic Literature Review.International urogynecology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Quality of Life in Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Elite female athletes' experiences of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction: A systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Female Saudi athletes' awareness of the importance of pelvic floor muscle exercises to prevent pelvic floor dysfunction: a cross-sectional online survey.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Turkish Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction-SENTINEL Screening Tool: A Methodological Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Young Gymnastics Athletes: A Scoping Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Athletes' Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Their Knowledge of and Engagement with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the connection between the hip and pelvic floor in women with exercise-induced urinary incontinence: integrating clinical hypotheses with current evidence.Journal of pelvic, obstetric and gynaecological physiotherapy · 2025Article
- Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Power- and Weightlifters: a Pilot Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Review
- Strenuous physical activity, exercise, and pelvic organ prolapse: a narrative scoping review.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- The "Mother Load" and Return to Sport: A Case Report of Returning to Professional Netball Following Cesarean Section.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2023Article
- Kegel Exercise Training Program among Women with Urinary Incontinence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Competitive Women Weightlifters.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2022Article
- Urinary and anal incontinence among female gymnasts and cheerleaders-bother and associated factors. A cross-sectional study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- What is known from the existing literature about the available interventions for pelvic floor dysfunction among female athletes? A scoping review.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2022Article
- Association Between Obstetric History and Urinary Incontinence in a Cohort of Resistance-Trained Women.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Competitive Women Powerlifters: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Sports medicine - open · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among exercising women, but no studies have been found in rhythmic gymnasts. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI in rhythmic gymnasts and the impact of UI on performance. This was a cross-sectional study including all rhythmic gymnasts competing at the highest national and international level in Norway. One hundred and thirty-three gymnasts from 22 sports clubs were invited to participate. Background data and possible risk factors were collected via electronic questionnaires. UI was assessed by Urinary Incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI SF). The "Triad-specific self-report questionnaire" was applied to assess the female athlete triad. Joint mobility was assessed by Beighton score. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible risk factors. One hundred and seven nulliparous rhythmic gymnasts (80.5% response rate) from 21 sports clubs, with mean age of 14.5 (SD 1.6) years, participated in the study. Thirty-four (31.8%) reported UI with 21 (61.8%), 3 (8.8%), 6 (17.6%), and 4 (11.8%) reporting stress, urgency, mixed urinary incontinence, and leakage for no obvious reason, respectively. BMI, hypermobility, menarche, disordered eating, and hours of training were not found to be risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. Twenty-four gymnasts with UI (70.6%) reported incontinence to influence sports performance; 10 (29.4%) reported to be afraid of visible leakage and 5 (14.7%) that the leakage would happen again. Seventy-four (69.1%) had never heard about the pelvic floor. In conclusion, UI is common in rhythmic gymnasts and may influence sports performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.