ArticleJournal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM2019
Sex differences in infant body composition emerge in the first 5 months of life.
Article in Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex and Gender Differences on the Impact of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in Placental mTORC1 Signaling, Amino Acid Transport, and Mitochondrial Respiration at Term.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Massage-Related Changes in Cortical Activity and Cerebral Oxygenation in Healthy Term Infants: An Exploratory EEG-fNIRS Study with Sex-Specific Observations.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Ferritin Reference Curves and Optimal Curves in Preadolescent Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A geometric morphometrics approach to sex estimation of infants from 0 to 6 years using the auricular surface.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Methodology insights and population characteristics of the Nutri-Bébé 2022 study: study design, sample description, and data collection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Cord Blood Appetite Hormones and Early-Life Growth and Childhood Adiposity in the ENVIRONAGE Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in the association of umbilical cord blood lipidome with abdominal fat in early childhood.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The assessment of urinary sexual hormones within minipuberty and correlations with anthropometrics in a cohort of healthy term children.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Sex differences in quantitative ultrasonographic measurements of the rectus femoris in children.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Childhood Obesity: Sex Differences in Adiposity Indices and Cardiovascular Risk.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Body composition of infants at 6 months of age using a 3-compartment model.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Investigation of Relationships between Intakes of Human Milk Total Lipids and Metabolic Hormones and Infant Sex and Body Composition.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Mini-Puberty, Physiological and Disordered: Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Replacement.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy.Research square · 2024Article
- A pre-conception clinical trial to reduce intergenerational obesity and diabetes risks: The NDPP-NextGen trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Article
- The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- Midpregnancy Phthalate and Phenol Biomarkers in Relation to Infant Body Composition: The Healthy Start Prospective Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Sex chromosome aneuploidies and fertility: 47,XXY, 47,XYY, 47,XXX and 45,X/47,XXX.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Sex differences in body composition are appreciated throughout the lifespan with probable contributions from sex steroids: testosterone and estrogen. The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to determine if sex differences in body composition emerge during the first months of life in healthy infants, corresponding to the age at which male infants produce endogenous testosterone. Methods Linear growth and body composition parameters using air displacement plethysmography were obtained from 602 healthy infants after birth and again at 5 months of age. Rate of change in body composition parameters were compared between sexes. Results Sex differences in length, total mass, fat free mass (FFM), and percent fat mass (%FM) were present both at birth and at 5 months (p < 0.001 for all), with males having greater total mass and FFM but lower %FM. Gain in %FM over the first 5 months was significantly lower in males (p = 0.0004). This difference was secondary to a gain of 17 g/week more in FFM in males compared to females. Conclusions Sex differences in body composition emerge in the first months of life, with lower adiposity accumulation in males. Endogenous testosterone production in males ~1-4 months of age may account for findings and may have lifelong implications for sex differences in body composition.
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