ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 399 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lung Damage Caused by Heated Tobacco Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial.Respiratory research · 2025Trial
- E-cigarette exposure triggers distal lung cell injury, persistent lung stress response, and antiviral immune suppression.JCI insight · 2026Article
- E-cigarette vaping is associated with pro-fibrotic gene expression in kidney and liver tissues.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis in e-cigarette aerosol-associated respiratory injury.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Effect of vaporized Cannabidiol (CBD) on neuropathic pain and its potential implication for development of chronic lung inflammation in rats.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Effects of Nicotine administration on α7nAChR, miR-124, STAT3, and inflammatory markers in Rat Lung Tissue.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Emerging multisystem disease mechanisms of e-cigarette vaping on human health.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Transient Postoperative Hypoxemia Associated With Cannabis Use Following General Anesthesia.Cureus · 2026Article
- Altered lung function in mice is a sensitive indicator of lung damage following 6 months of electronic nicotine delivery system aerosol exposure.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fail to Recover Full Osteogenic Differentiation Potential Following Washout of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Self-reported voice symptoms in e-cigarette users: a cross-sectional study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
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- Investigating the exhaled lipid biomarkers among e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Navigating regulatory challenges: a cross-sectional survey of vaping and smoking behaviours among university students in Yunnan, China.BMC public health · 2026Article
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or e-cigarettes have emerged as a popular recreational tool among adolescents and adults. Although the use of ENDS is often promoted as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, few comprehensive studies have assessed the long-term effects of vaporized nicotine and its associated solvents, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). Here, we show that compared with smoke exposure, mice receiving ENDS vapor for 4 months failed to develop pulmonary inflammation or emphysema. However, ENDS exposure, independent of nicotine, altered lung lipid homeostasis in alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. Comprehensive lipidomic and structural analyses of the lungs revealed aberrant phospholipids in alveolar macrophages and increased surfactant-associated phospholipids in the airway. In addition to ENDS-induced lipid deposition, chronic ENDS vapor exposure downregulated innate immunity against viral pathogens in resident macrophages. Moreover, independent of nicotine, ENDS-exposed mice infected with influenza demonstrated enhanced lung inflammation and tissue damage. Together, our findings reveal that chronic e-cigarette vapor aberrantly alters the physiology of lung epithelial cells and resident immune cells and promotes poor response to infectious challenge. Notably, alterations in lipid homeostasis and immune impairment are independent of nicotine, thereby warranting more extensive investigations of the vehicle solvents used in e-cigarettes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.