ArticleEMBO reports2019
Codon bias confers stability to human mRNAs.
Article in EMBO reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The genetic and biochemical determinants of mRNA degradation rates in mammals.Genome biology · 2022Pooled it
- Synonymous but Not Silent: The Codon Usage Code for Gene Expression and Protein Folding.Annual review of biochemistry · 2021Pooled it
- Codon optimality predicts mRNA half-life but does not transfer to lncRNAs.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Position-dependent codon occurrence is associated with patterns of translational efficiency and ribosomal occupancy in the human transcriptome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- RiboScreenBiomedicines · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal transcriptomic analysis during cold ischemic injury to the murine kidney reveals compartment-specific changes.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Predicting the translation efficiency of messenger RNA in mammalian cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Mapping the inter- and intra-genic codon-usage landscape inNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- NNature · 2026Article
- Systematic Evaluation of Vector Sequence Elements in Isogenic CHO Cells for Improved Antibody Production.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- The 5' Cap Epitranscriptome and Beyond: Natural and Engineered 5' Cap Modifications for Optimizing mRNA Therapeutics and Functional Studies.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Extreme GC3 codon bias in a novel brown seaweed virus results in pseudoambigrammatic characteristics.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Integrated analysis of post-transcriptional regulations reveals insights into acute myeloid leukemia.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Nuclear effects play an important role in determining codon usage-dependent human gene expression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- codonGPT: reinforcement learning on a generative language model enables scalable mRNA design.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The impact of ribosome association on lncRNA stability: a new layer of post-transcriptional control?Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- Harnessing mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as innovative therapies for autoimmune diseases.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- Organelle Genomes ofBiology · 2025Article
- Unconventional codon usage bias mediates mRNA translational dynamics in macrophages.PLoS biology · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Codon bias has been implicated as one of the major factors contributing to mRNA stability in several model organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms of codon bias on mRNA stability remain unclear in humans. Here, we show that human cells possess a mechanism to modulate RNA stability through a unique codon bias. Bioinformatics analysis showed that codons could be clustered into two distinct groups-codons with G or C at the third base position (GC3) and codons with either A or T at the third base position (AT3): the former stabilizing while the latter destabilizing mRNA. Quantification of codon bias showed that increased GC3-content entails proportionately higher GC-content. Through bioinformatics, ribosome profiling, and in vitro analysis, we show that decoupling the effects of codon bias reveals two modes of mRNA regulation, one GC3- and one GC-content dependent. Employing an immunoprecipitation-based strategy, we identify ILF2 and ILF3 as RNA-binding proteins that differentially regulate global mRNA abundances based on codon bias. Our results demonstrate that codon bias is a two-pronged system that governs mRNA abundance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.