ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2020
Determinants and characterization of exposure to phthalates, DEHTP and DINCH among pregnant women in the PROTECT birth cohort in Puerto Rico.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Characterizing the Contribution of Indoor Residential Phthalate and Phthalate Alternative Dust Concentrations to Internal Dose in the US General Population: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to DEHTP replacement metabolites and odds of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a diverse nulliparous U.S. cohort.Environmental advances · 2026Article
- A robust and validated method for the determination of 21 urinary metabolites of 15 plasticizers, including phthalates, DEHTP, and DINCH, by online SPE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Prevalence and reproductive toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP) and other substituted benzene carboxylic acid derivatives used as phthalate alternatives.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Review
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemicals with anogenital distance across infancy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and emotional-behavioral problems in children aged 1.5 to 3 years from the PROTECT birth cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Placental toxicity of alternative plasticizers: Current knowledge and future directions.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Mediating effect of social determinants of health between race and phthalate biomarkers in pregnancy.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Potential Exposure to Environmental Toxic Emissions and Increased Cancer Risk in Puerto Rico.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Associations between urinary biomarkers of phthalates and phthalate alternatives and female sexual function in a North American cohort.The journal of sexual medicine · 2025Article
- Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with inflammatory biomarker levels among pregnant women.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Early life phthalate exposure impacts gray matter and white matter volume in infants and young children.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association between organic micropollutants in tap water and human exposure and birth outcomes: Implications for environmental health in northern Puerto Rico.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures and child neurodevelopment in toddlers aged 1-3 years from the PROTECT birth cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and associations with oxidative stress biomarkers among pregnant women from the PROTECT cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- The anti-inflammatory effect of the amniotic PPARγ pathways is not dysregulated by the alternative plasticizer DINCH and its metabolite MINCH in human fetal membranes.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- A common phthalate replacement disrupts ovarian function in young adult mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs a result of evidence suggesting phthalate toxicity, their use has decreased in recent years. However, new phthalates and non-phthalate replacements have emerged in their place, with unknown potential impacts on health.
methodsWe measured 15 phthalate, two di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DEHTP), and two di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) urinary metabolites, collected up to three times during pregnancy from 994 women in Northern Puerto Rico (2011-2017). We used tests of linear trend to assess changes in concentrations over time and linear mixed models to identify predictors of exposure (sociodemographic characteristics, drinking water sources, diet, product use).
resultsSeveral phthalate metabolites decreased over the study period indicating decreased exposure, while the geometric mean of DEHTP metabolites (molecular sum) increased threefold between 2014 and 2017. Intraclass correlations revealed low to moderate reproducibility of these biomarkers across pregnancy. Several metabolites were associated with maternal age, income, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, drinking public water, use of cleaning and personal care products, and ice cream consumption. DINCH metabolite concentrations remained low throughout the study period.
conclusionAlthough exposure to some phthalates may be decreasing, exposure to replacements, such as DEHTP, is increasing. Additional studies are needed to further characterize sources of phthalate replacement chemicals and potential exposure-related health effects among vulnerable populations.
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