SynthesisViruses2019
Virus Shedding of Avian Influenza in Poultry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of mechanistic models used to study avian influenza virus transmission and control.Veterinary research · 2023Pooled it
- From Trait-Structured Within-Host Dynamics to SIR Models: A Multiscale Framework With Re-Exposure.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Environmental metagenomics enhances detection of circulating viruses from live poultry markets in Cambodia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Multi-Reassortant H3N8 Avian Influenza Virus Derived From Migratory Birds in Eastern China Exhibits Cross-Species Transmission Potential.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Host responses and viral traits interact to shape the impacts of climate warming on highly pathogenic avian influenza in migratory waterfowl.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Molecular and ecological determinants of mammalian adaptability in avian influenza virus.Infection · 2025Review
- Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Gene ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus RNA and Model of Potential Inputs in an Urban California Sewershed.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Occupational Risk from Avian Influenza Viruses at Different Ecological Interfaces Between 1997 and 2019.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Detection, transmission and spread of airborne avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: experimental and field investigations.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Optimizing contact tracing for avian influenza in poultry flocks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Amplification of avian influenza virus circulation along poultry marketing chains in Bangladesh: A controlled field experiment.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Quantitative Risk Assessment of Wind-Supported Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus to Dutch Poultry Farms via Fecal Particles from Infected Wild Birds in the Environment.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014-2022.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pathological investigation of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N8 in captive houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata), the United Arab Emirates 2020.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Utility of Feathers for Avian Influenza Virus Detection in Commercial Poultry.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The feather epithelium contributes to the dissemination and ecology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in ducks.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding virus shedding patterns of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry is important for understanding host-pathogen interactions and developing effective control strategies. Many AIV strains were studied in challenge experiments in poultry, but no study has combined data from those studies to identify general AIV shedding patterns. These systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to summarize qualitative and quantitative information on virus shedding levels and duration for different AIV strains in experimentally infected poultry species. Methods were designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases were used to collect literature. A total of 1155 abstract were screened, with 117 studies selected for the qualitative analysis and 71 studies for the meta-analysis. A large heterogeneity in experimental methods was observed and the quantitative analysis showed that experimental variables such as species, virus origin, age, inoculation route and dose, affect virus shedding (mean, peak and duration) for highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV), low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) or both. In conclusion, this study highlights the need to standardize experimental procedures, it provides a comprehensive summary of the shedding patterns of AIV strains by infected poultry and identifies the variables that influence the level and duration of AIV shedding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.