ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Proton Therapy: Monte Carlo Modeling of Reactive Species' Distributions Around a Gold Nanoparticle and the Effects of Nanoparticle Proximity and Clustering.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Radiobiology studies of gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiosensitization in proton therapy.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Resolving the contradiction between simulation and experimental results of using gold nanoparticles in proton therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Illumination of Targeting Nanotherapeutics with Precision Eyes: From Optical to Radio-nanotheranostics.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Simulation of Fish Acute Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals Using Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) Notation as a Representation of Molecular Structure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species Yield near Gold Nanoparticles Under Ultrahigh-Dose-Rate Electron Beams: A Monte Carlo Study.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy: Mechanisms, Advances, and Clinical Horizons.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Monte Carlo Simulations in Nanomedicine: Advancing Cancer Imaging and Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Significance of the proton energy loss mechanism to gold nanoparticles in proton therapy: a Geant4 simulation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- In silico estimation of polyethylene glycol coating effect on metallic NPs radio-sensitization in kilovoltage energy beams.BMC chemistry · 2024Article
- Microdosimetric Simulation of Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Gold-Nanoparticles-Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cells at Spread-Out Bragg Peak under Proton Beam Radiation.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Nanoscopic biodosimetry using plasmid DNA in radiotherapy with metallic nanoparticles.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2023Review
- Secondary Electrons in Gold Nanoparticle Clusters and Their Role in Therapeutic Ratio: The Outcome of a Monte Carlo Simulation Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Catalytic activity imperative for nanoparticle dose enhancement in photon and proton therapy.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Nanoparticles in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Advancements in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization for Head and Neck Cancer Therapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are promising radiosensitizers with the potential to enhance radiotherapy. Experiments have shown GNP enhancement of proton therapy and indicated that chemical damage by reactive species plays a major role. Simulations of the distribution and yield of reactive species from 10 ps to 1 µs produced by a single GNP, two GNPs in proximity and a GNP cluster irradiated with a proton beam were performed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. It was found that the reactive species distribution at 1 µs extended a few hundred nm from a GNP and that the largest enhancement occurred over 50 nm from the nanoparticle. Additionally, the yield for two GNPs in proximity and a GNP cluster was reduced by up to 17% and 60% respectively from increased absorption. The extended range of action from the diffusion of the reactive species may enable simulations to model GNP enhanced proton therapy. The high levels of absorption for a large GNP cluster suggest that smaller clusters and diffuse GNP distributions maximize the total radiolysis yield within a cell. However, this must be balanced against the high local yields near a cluster particularly if the cluster is located adjacent to a biological target.
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