ReviewBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2019
The Spine: A Strong, Stable, and Flexible Structure with Biomimetics Potential.
Review in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of spinal motion, kinematic spaces and the land-to-sea transition in carnivorans.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Lattice structure musculoskeletal robots: Harnessing programmable geometric topology and anisotropy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Eight-Week Pilates or Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training Program Improves Spinal Range of Motion During the Gait Cycle in Sedentary Women: A Preliminary Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- A hydrodynamic antenna: novel lateral line system in the tail of myliobatid stingrays.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Application of a new coaxial bipolar electrode for the treatment of vertebral metastases: a pilot study in an ovine model.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The influence of the land-to-sea macroevolutionary transition on vertebral column disparification in Pinnipedia.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Protein structures unravel the signatures and patterns of deep time evolution.QRB discovery · 2024Review
- Cervical vertebrae for early bone loss evaluation in osteoporosis mouse models.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- High-speed running quadruped robot with a multi-joint spine adopting a 1DoF closed-loop linkage.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2023Article
- A Biomimetic Method to Replicate the Natural Fluid Movements of Swimming Snakes to Design Aquatic Robots.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Analysis of Kinematic Characteristics of Saanen Goat Spine under Multi-Slope.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In Vivo Analysis of the Dynamic Motion Stability Characteristics of Geese's Neck.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Integrated single-cell analyses decode the developmental landscape of the human fetal spine.iScience · 2022Article
- Determination of the 3D Human Spine Posture from Wearable Inertial Sensors and a Multibody Model of the Spine.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
From its first appearance in early vertebrates, the spine evolved the function of protecting the spinal cord, avoiding excessive straining during body motion. Its stiffness and strength provided the basis for the development of the axial skeleton as the mechanical support of later animals, especially those which moved to the terrestrial environment where gravity loads are not alleviated by the buoyant force of water. In tetrapods, the functions of the spine can be summarized as follows: protecting the spinal cord; supporting the weight of the body, transmitting it to the ground through the limbs; allowing the motion of the trunk, through to its flexibility; providing robust origins and insertions to the muscles of trunk and limbs. This narrative review provides a brief perspective on the development of the spine in vertebrates, first from an evolutionary, and then from an embryological point of view. The paper describes functions and the shape of the spine throughout the whole evolution of vertebrates and vertebrate embryos, from primordial jawless fish to extant animals such as birds and humans, highlighting its fundamental features such as strength, stability, and flexibility, which gives it huge potential as a basis for bio-inspired technologies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.