ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Cannabis and tobacco use and co-use: Trajectories and correlates from early adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobacco and cannabis use in the young 'Not in Employment, Education or Training' population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use, and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Cannabis Use and Prospective Long-Term Association with Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies: Usage du cannabis et association prospective à long terme avec l'anxiété: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d'études longitudinales.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2021Pooled it
- Co-Use of Some Substances Associated With Higher Doses in Adolescents: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- Patterns in methods, timing, and sequence of nicotine and cannabis co-use among adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Assessment of nicotine and cannabis co-use among adolescents and the association with nicotine and cannabis dependence symptoms.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Using an intersectional framework to explore cannabis and tobacco co-use patterns: Protocol for a descriptive study.MethodsX · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in Nicotine, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use Among U.S. Adolescents and Adults Aged 12-34 Years.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of Inhaled Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use on Respiratory Health and Tobacco Cessation: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Social Safety and Health Outcomes in Emerging Adults: Interactions of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Discrimination.Journal of community psychology · 2025Article
- Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use by Sexual Minority Adults in the United States, 2022.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Trajectories of Single- or Multiple-Substance Use in a Population Representative Sample of Adolescents: Association with Substance-Related and Psychosocial Problems at Age 17.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Daily Assessment of Positive and Negative Cannabis Use Expectancies in Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Users: Differences by Sociodemographics, Mental Health Symptoms, and Possible Cannabis Use Disorder.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Nicotine and cannabis routes of administration and dual use among U.S. young adults who identify as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Problems and Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among US Emerging Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Age of tobacco, nicotine and cannabis use initiation in Switzerland: a sequence analysis among adolescents and young adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Intention to quit or reduce e-cigarettes, cannabis, and their co-use among a school-based sample of adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Depression screening outcomes among adolescents, young adults, and adults reporting past 30-day tobacco and cannabis use.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- The underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in research on co-use of nicotine, alcohol, and/or cannabis via ecological momentary assessment methods: A narrative review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCannabis and tobacco co-use is a growing concern, yet little is known about its developmental course or associated outcomes during emerging adulthood. This study examines developmental trajectories of cannabis and tobacco co-use from adolescence to emerging adulthood, associations of co-use trajectories with four domains of functioning, and differences across racial/ethnic groups.
methodsSurvey data come from a racially/ethnically diverse and predominantly California-based cohort that completed 10 surveys from 2008 (wave 1: mean age 11.5; n = 6,509) to 2018 (wave 10: mean age 20.7; n = 2,429). Co-use was defined as use of both cannabis and tobacco (cigarettes or smokeless tobacco) in the past 30 days. Trajectories of use were examined using latent growth modeling in a structural equation modeling framework.
resultsPrevalence of cannabis and tobacco co-use increased from 0.3% at wave 1 to 9.5% at wave 10, with average probabilities of co-use higher among non-Hispanic white versus Hispanic or Asian participants. Higher average probability of co-use was associated with greater delinquency, more mental health symptoms, and poorer physical health during emerging adulthood. Higher rate of change in the probability of co-use over time was associated with greater delinquency, but better social functioning and less physical ailments. There was some evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in functioning, even at similar levels of co-use.
conclusionsCannabis and tobacco co-use deserves greater attention, especially regarding its effects on functioning during emerging adulthood. Results also emphasize the need for future research to focus on racial/ethnic disparities related to co-use and associated outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.