ArticleCell and tissue research2020
Synthetic cathelicidin LL-37 reduces Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis internalization and pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
Article in Cell and tissue research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chicken cathelicidin-3 protected mice from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection mediated by triggering chemokine CCL3 pathway.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Endogenous cathelicidin protects againstInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cathelicidins Limit IntracellularPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated lncRNA and mRNA analysis reveals the immune modulatory mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Piggybacking on nature: exploring the multifaceted world of porcine β-defensins.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Role of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis.Innate immunity · 2023Review
- ViableMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Upregulation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (short communication).BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- Bovine Neutrophils Release Extracellular Traps and Cooperate With Macrophages inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Cathelicidins Mitigate Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis and Reduce Bacterial Invasion in Murine Mammary Epithelium.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Looking beyond Typical Treatments for Atypical Mycobacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Cathelicidins Modulate TLR-Activation and Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Murine and Human Cathelicidins Contribute Differently to Hallmarks of Mastitis Induced by PathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic diarrheic intestinal infections in domestic and wild ruminants (paratuberculosis or Johne's disease) for which there is no effective treatment. Critical in the pathogenesis of MAP infection is the invasion and survival into macrophages, immune cells with ability to carry on phagocytosis of microbes. In a search for effective therapeutics, our objective was to determine whether human cathelicidin LL-37, a small peptide secreted by leuckocytes and epithelial cells, enhances the macrophage ability to clear MAP infection. In murine (J774A.1) macrophages, MAP was quickly internalized, as determined by confocal microscopy using green fluorescence protein expressing MAPs. Macrophages infected with MAP had increased transcriptional gene expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β cytokines and the leukocyte chemoattractant IL-8. Pretreatment of macrophages with synthetic LL-37 reduced MAP load and diminished the transcriptional expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ whereas increased IL-8. Synthetic LL-37 also reduced the gene expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, key for mycobacterial invasion into macrophages. We concluded that cathelicidin LL-37 enhances MAP clearance into macrophages and suppressed production of tissue-damaging inflammatory cytokines. This cathelicidin peptide could represent a foundational molecule to develop therapeutics for controlling MAP infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.