Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31478081›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2019

Cumulative average dietary pattern scores in young adulthood and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: the CARDIA study.

Kristin M Hirahatake, David R Jacobs, James M Shikany, Luohua Jiang, Nathan D Wong, Andrew O Odegaard

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kristin M HirahatakeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA.
David R JacobsDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
James M ShikanyDivision of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Luohua JiangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA.
Nathan D WongDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA.
Andrew O OdegaardDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA. aodegaar@uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800006INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800007I
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisThe evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns, trends and predominant aspects of energy intake in a typical American diet and in type 2 diabetes risk is limited. Therefore, we examined the association between dietary pattern scores created to reflect the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Report, a Palaeolithic (Palaeo) diet, a diet high in 'empty calories', and the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) (cohort reference) and type 2 diabetes risk over time.

methodsWe carried out a prospective analysis of 4719 young adult black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with repeated dietary histories collected at study years 0, 7 and 20. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we examined the association between time-dependent cumulative average dietary pattern scores and incident type 2 diabetes.

resultsDuring the 30 year follow-up period, 680 (14.4%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. There was no association between the 2015 DGA, Palaeo or empty calorie scores and type 2 diabetes risk in the overall population. Participants in the fourth quartile of the APDQS, reflecting a more healthful dietary pattern, had a 45% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile (HR 0.55 [95% CI 0.41, 0.74]). In stratified analyses there was an inverse association for the 2015 DGA in non-smokers per SD (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74, 0.99]) and an inverse association for the empty calorie score in white women (HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60, 0.96]) as well as in a subgroup analysis of the Palaeo index of participants who maintained a high score over 20 years (per SD, HR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39, 0.88]). CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationHigher levels of the APDQS, which largely aligns with the 2015 DGA, were strongly inversely associated with 30 year type 2 diabetes risk in the CARDIA cohort; the results from the other patterns were nuanced and need to be considered in the context of the study and potential biases.

Indexed as

DietAdolescentAdultBlack or African AmericanBody Mass IndexDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRiskWhite PeopleYoung AdultDietary guidelinesDietary patternsEpidemiologyPalaeolithicType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID31478081
OpenAlexW2971493005

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.