Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31478021›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2019

Primary healthcare policy and governance in low-income and middle-income countries: an evidence gap map.

K M Saif-Ur-Rahman, Razib Mamun, Iffat Nowrin, Shahed Hossain, Khaleda Islam, Tajkia Rumman, Ehtesham Kabir, Aminur Rahman, Ngamindra Dahal, Iqbal Anwar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Visualization of Multi-indication Randomized Control Trial Evidence to Support Decision Making in Oncology: A Case Study on Bevacizumab.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

K M Saif-Ur-RahmanHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-8702-7094
Razib MamunHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Iffat NowrinHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shahed HossainHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Khaleda IslamPrimary Health Care, Government of Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tajkia RummanDepartment of Public Health & Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ehtesham KabirDirectorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Aminur RahmanHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ngamindra DahalSouth Asia Institute of Advanced Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Iqbal AnwarHealth Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGovernance is one of the most important aspects for strong primary healthcare (PHC) service delivery. To achieve the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals, good governance may play a prime role in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This evidence gap map (EGM) explored the available evidence in LMICs to identify the knowledge gap concerning PHC policy and governance in these settings.

methodsWe followed the standard 3ie EGM protocol, finalising the scope of the EGM through a stakeholder workshop. We searched a total of 32 bibliographic databases, systematic review databases, impact evaluation databases, and donor and bilateral agency databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened retrieved studies, extracted data and performed quality assessment. We plotted the interventions and outcomes derived from the included studies in a dynamic platform to build the interactive EGM and conducted a stakeholder consultation with nominal group technique methods to prioritise the identified gaps.

resultsThe EGM included 24 systematic reviews and 7 impact evaluations focusing on PHC policy and governance in LMICs. Most of the sources emphasised workforce management and supervision. There were noticeable evidence gaps regarding accountability and social responsibility. The most highly prioritised themes were the role of accountability, the role of public-private partnerships and the role of user-provider communication in PHC governance.

conclusionsThis EGM identified some important aspects of PHC policy and governance such as accountability, social responsibility, public-private partnership, user-provider communication through the methodological approaches of evidence synthesis and stakeholder consultation. Identified gaps will provide directions for an implementation research plan to improve the governance of PHC in LMICs.

Indexed as

developing countriesevidence gap mapgovernanceLMICspolicyprimary health care

Identifiers

PMID31478021
PMCPMC6703287

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.