ArticleNature communications2019
Macrophage spatial heterogeneity in gastric cancer defined by multiplex immunohistochemistry.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-related disparities in outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients in treatment trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Anlotinib plus sintilimab as first-line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (APICAL-CRC): an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- The immune signatures predict gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer response to first-line anti-PD-1 blockade or chemotherapy.BMC cancer · 2025Trial
- Phase 2 trial of perioperative chemo-immunotherapy for gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma: The role of M2 macrophage landscape in predicting response.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Multicenter Phase II Study of Cabazitaxel in Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: Association of HER2 Expression and M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Patient Outcome.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Spatiotemporal transcriptomics for tumour microenvironment remodelling in cancer progression and therapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Insights Into Spatial Transcriptomics: Exploring Recent Technical Developments and Their Diverse Applications.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Macrophage Efferocytosis in Tumors: Emerging Implications for Immunotherapy Biomarkers and Therapeutic Timing.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Fluorine-19 MRI signal phenotype in solid tumor following in situ perfluorocarbon cell labeling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning-guided integrated multiomics analysis reveals macrophage-driven immune suppression in breast cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Current trends in exosomes as therapeutic drug delivery systems.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- IBA-1Research square · 2026Article
- Macrophage morphology in the tumor microenvironment predicts metachronous liver metastasis in gastric cancer: establishment and validation of a predictive model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Differential infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and expression of PD-L1 in paired biopsy and resection specimens of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Accumulation of small peritoneal macrophages and dendritic cells in a concomitant immunity model associated with prolonged survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond density: mapping the functional landscapes of macrophage-T lymphocyte niches in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial Fibroblast-Macrophage Niches in Gastric Cancer: Mechanisms of Immune Exclusion, Therapeutic Resistance, and Targeted Intervention.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most abundant immune components in gastric cancer (GC), are difficult to characterize due to their heterogeneity. Multiple approaches have been used to elucidate the issue, however, due to the tissue-destructive nature of most of these methods, the spatial distribution of TAMs in situ remains unclear. Here we probe the relationship between tumor context and TAM heterogeneity by multiplex immunohistochemistry of 56 human GC cases. Using distinct expression marker profiles on TAMs, we report seven predominant populations distributed between tumor and non-tumor tissue. TAM population-associated gene signatures reflect their heterogeneity and polarization in situ. Increased density of CD163+ (CD206-) TAMs with concurrent high CD68 expression is associated with upregulated immune-signaling and improved patient survival by univariate, but not multivariate analysis. CD68-only and CD206+ TAMs are correlated with high PDL1 expression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.