SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2019
Gestational weight gain outside the Institute of Medicine recommendations and adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis using individual participant data from randomised trials.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pre-Pregnancy Diet and/or Physical Activity Interventions for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Application of causal inference methods in individual-participant data meta-analyses in medicine: addressing data handling and reporting gaps with new proposed reporting guidelines.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Pooled it
- Suboptimal gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in low and middle income countries: individual participant data meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of motivational interviewing and/or cognitive behaviour therapy techniques on gestational weight gain - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Monitoring gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI using the 2009 IOM guidelines in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Weight Changes and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Dolutegravir- and Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate-Containing Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Effect of the smartphone application on caesarean section in women with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Trial
- An interim analysis of a gestational weight gain intervention in military personnel and other TRICARE beneficiaries.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal Nutritional Intakes in Italian Pregnant Women in Comparison with National Nutritional Guidelines.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Gestational Weight Gain-Re-Examining the Current Paradigm.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Development of Thai-Specific Gestational Weight Gain Targets Using Asian BMI Cut-Points: Implications for Nursing and Midwifery Practice in Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Maternal Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Single-Center Case-Control Study in Hungary.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Behavioral Change Intervention to Promote a Healthier Postpartum Lifestyle: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Fetuin-A Concentration in the Perinatal Period and Maternal BMI Dynamics During Pregnancy, Labor, and Early Postpartum: Is ΔBMI a Parameter Worth Considering?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Measuring 24-hour Movement Profiles During Pregnancy: Protocol for the 24MOVE Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) affect an increasing number of pregnancies. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has issued recommendations on the optimal GWG for women according to their pre-pregnancy BMI (healthy, overweight or obese). It has been shown that pregnant women rarely met the recommendations; however, it is unclear by how much. Previous studies also adjusted the analyses for various women's characteristics making their comparison challenging.
methodsWe analysed individual participant data (IPD) of healthy women with a singleton pregnancy and a BMI of 18.5 kg/m
resultsOut of 4429 women (from 33 trials) meeting the inclusion criteria, two thirds gained weight outside the IOM recommendations (1646 above; 1291 below). The median GWG outside the IOM recommendations was 3.1 kg above and 2.7 kg below. In comparison to GWG within the IOM recommendations, GWG above was associated with increased odds of caesarean section (aOR 1.50; 95%CI 1.25, 1.80), LGA (2.00; 1.58, 2.54), and reduced odds of SGA (0.66; 0.50, 0.87); no significant effect on preterm birth was detected. The relationship between GWG below the IOM recommendation and caesarean section or LGA was inconclusive; however, the odds of preterm birth (1.94; 1.31, 2.28) and SGA (1.52; 1.18, 1.96) were increased.
conclusionsConsistently with previous findings, adherence to the IOM recommendations seem to help achieve better pregnancy outcomes. Nevertheless, even in the context of clinical trials, women find it difficult to adhere to them. Further research should focus on identifying ways of achieving a healthier GWG as defined by the IOM recommendations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.