ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Low Educational Attainment is a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ethnic Inequalities in Stroke Incidence Patterns and Trends in High-Income Countries (2015-2025).Neuroepidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease prevention by personalized health promotion considering educational attainment.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Educational Disparities in the Impact of Suicidal Ideation on Long-Term Cardio-Cerebrovascular Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Educational Attainment and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Across Age Groups: Analysis of the 2021 BRFSS National Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Coronary Artery Diseases Among Adult Women Residents of Tehran: A Cross-Sectional Report From Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS).Cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Disparities in Geographic Access to Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Socially Vulnerable Communities.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Overcoming Disparities in Using SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection in Persons With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Article
- Genetic associations with socioeconomic status are limited in explaining the socioeconomic health gradient.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Space for improvement: ZIP codes should not determine cardiovascular longevity, a scoping review.Trends in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease - A Scoping Review of Assessment Methods, Risk Factors, and Prognosis.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Healing Hearts Together - an emotionally focused intervention for couples after a cardiac event: a randomized controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Discrepancies in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Among African American Emerging Adults.Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and myocardial infarction in U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Low income and education are associated with greater ASCVD risk scores among adults in the US.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) mediates the effect of a lower education level on adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Educational attainment is an indicator of socioeconomic status and is inversely associated with coronary artery disease risk. Whether educational attainment level (EAL) among patients with coronary artery disease influences outcomes remains understudied. Methods and Results Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization had their highest EAL assessed using options of elementary/middle school, high school, college, or graduate education. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes were a composite of cardiovascular death/non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal myocardial infarction during follow-up. Cox models adjusted for clinically relevant confounders were used to analyze the association of EAL with outcomes. Among 6318 patients (63.5 years, 63% men, 23% black) enrolled, 16%, 42%, 38%, and 4% had received graduate or higher, college, high school, and elementary/middle school education, respectively. During 4.2 median years of follow-up, there were 1066 all-cause deaths, 812 cardiovascular deaths/non-fatal myocardial infarction, and 276 non-fatal myocardial infarction. Compared with patients with graduate education, those in lower EAL categories (elementary/middle school, high school, or college education) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios 1.52 [95% CI 1.11-2.09]; 1.43 [95% CI 1.17-1.73]; and 95% CI 1.26 [1.03-1.53], respectively). Similar findings were observed for secondary outcomes. Conclusions Low educational attainment is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing angiographic coronary artery disease evaluation. The utility of incorporating EAL into risk assessment algorithms and the causal link between low EAL and adverse outcomes in this high-risk patient population need further investigation.
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Registered trials
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