ReviewGland surgery2019
Surgical management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Review in Gland surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Frozen section in oncologic endocrine surgery].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Pooled it
- Integrating Digital Ki-67 Labeling Index and K-TIRADS for Malignancy Risk Stratification in Thyroid Core Needle Biopsies.Cancers · 2026Article
- Improving Non-Invasive Prediction of Thyroid Nodule Malignancy: A Machine Learning-Based Clinical Approach.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Molecular Testing and Surgical Outcomes in Bethesda III and IV Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Natural History of Cytologically Low-Risk Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Thermal ablation for Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules: current diagnosis and management.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Uni- and Multivariate Analyses of Cancer Risk in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Single-Center Experience.Cancers · 2024Article
- Impact of fine-needle aspiration cytology in thyroidectomy extent and associated surgical morbidity in thyroid cancer.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Article
- Managing Bethesda IV thyroid nodules in an iodine-deficient population.Gland surgery · 2023Article
- Malignancy risk in Bethesda class IV thyroid nodules in an iodine deficient region.Gland surgery · 2023Article
- Current controversies in the management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- Comparison of S-Detect and thyroid imaging reporting and data system classifications in the diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Intraoperative Assessment of High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Based on Electrical Impedance Measurements: A Feasibility Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Radiofrequency Ablation of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: The First North American Comparative Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Thyroid Nodule Molecular Testing: Is It Ready for Prime Time?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nodules in the thyroid are frequent. Preoperative investigations including fine-needle cytology and ultrasound cannot in all patients rule out malignancy. Thus, surgical excision for histopathologic examination is often needed. In this narrative review, we examine aspects of the surgical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules, using a comprehensive review of the available literature. The authors manually searched PubMed for relevant literature, including recently published guidelines. Hemithyroidectomy without lymph node dissection remains the recommended management in indeterminate thyroid nodules, i.e., the complete removal of one lobe of the thyroid, for indeterminate thyroid nodules, defined as nodules with fine-needle cytology fulfilling the criteria of Bethesda III or IV categories. At surgery, it is important to preserve the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves, and intraoperative neuromonitoring is a useful adjunct. Recent data also suggest that parathyroid autofluorescent techniques are promising tools for parathyroid preservation. There is still lack of specific preoperative investigations to rule in or out central lymph node metastasis. Intraoperative frozen section of lymph nodes can be valuable, but prophylactic or diagnostic central lymph node dissection is not routinely recommended. Outcomes after thyroid surgery are better with high-volume surgeons and institutions. Surgery is probably best performed by high-volume surgeons in institutions with on-site expert pathologists and with technical adjuncts available for nerve and parathyroid preservation. Day-care surgery may be an option for selected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.