ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
The Obesity Paradox in Cancer, Tumor Immunology, and Immunotherapy: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body mass index and immune-related adverse events in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Pooled it
- Closing the recapitulation gap in obesity-conditioned TNBC drug development.npj drug discovery · 2026Review
- Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: A Prospective Exploratory Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a multidimensional machine-learning model to predict clinically significant immune-related adverse events in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Determinants of poor prognosis after surgery for glioblastoma: A retrospective analysis of predictors of morbidity and mortality in a low-middle income country.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Immunogenomic diversity of triple-negative breast cancers in obese and non-obese black and white women.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Leveraging Synergy: A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of SN-38 and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Breast and Prostate Cancer Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 Immune Checkpoints Pathway in Endometrial Cancer and Its Clinical Significance.Cancers · 2025Article
- Sarcopenic obesity exacerbates gastric cancer prognosis via increased intermuscular and visceral fat accumulation.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Quantitative impedance-based characterization of breast cancer cell migration and metastatic potential.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Impact of body mass index on the efficacy of immune combination therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Microenvironmental determinants of cancer progression during obesity: emerging evidence and novel perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Mammary adipose dysfunction in the dual epidemic of obesity and breast cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2025Review
- Empowering hypoxia to convert cold tumors into hot tumors for breast cancer immunotherapy.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Estrogens determine the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in obese males with melanoma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The effect of body mass index and total cholesterol levels on histopathological grading in breast cancer patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Predicting doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer: leveraging machine learning with synthetic data.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2025Article
- Impact of obesity on pathological complete remission in early stage breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective study from a German University breast center.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Effect of adipocytes on the function and activity of T cells in tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Obesity, overweight and breast cancer: new clinical data and implications for practice.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been heralded as a breakthrough cancer treatment demonstrating tremendous success in improving tumor responses and survival of patients with hematological cancers and solid tumors. This novel promising treatment approach has in particular triggered optimism for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, a subtype of breast cancer with distinct clinical features and poor clinical outcome. In early 2019, the FDA granted the first approval of immune checkpoint therapy, targeting PD-L1 (Atezolizumab) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1 positive TNBC. The efficacy of immuno-based interventions varies across cancer types and patient cohorts, which is attributed to a variety of lifestyle, clinical, and pathological factors. For instance, obesity has emerged as a risk factor for a dampened anti-tumor immune response and increased risk of immunotherapy-induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs) but has also been linked to improved outcomes with checkpoint blockade. Given the breadth of the rising global obesity epidemic, it is imperative to gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of obesity in the peripheral circulation and within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we resolve the impact of obesity on breast tumorigenesis and progression on the one hand, and on the immune contexture on the other hand. Finally, we speculate on the potential implications of obesity on immunotherapy response in breast cancer. This review clearly highlights the need for
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.