ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Early-Life Compartmentalization of Immune Cells in Human Fetal Tissues Revealed by High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- OpenIMC: an open-source platform for analyzing single-cell and spatial proteomics by imaging mass cytometry.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- OpenIMC: an open-source platform for analyzing single-cell and spatial proteomics by imaging mass cytometry.Research square · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Atlas of Fetal Immune Development Across Lung, Spleen, and Umbilical Cord Blood in Nonhuman Primates.Research square · 2026Article
- Mass cytometry analysis reveals a cross-tissue immune landscape inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Mutual Interactions Between Microbiota and the Human Immune System During the First 1000 Days of Life.Biology · 2025Review
- Deciphering Alzheimer's disease transcriptomics: exploration and validation of core genes in tau and Aβ pathological models toward novel therapeutic targets.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- High-dimensional analysis reveals an immune atlas and novel neutrophil clusters in the lungs of model animals with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- In vivo development of immune tissue in human intestinal organoids transplanted into humanized mice.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
- Immune subset-committed proliferating cells populate the human foetal intestine throughout the second trimester of gestation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Assessment of human milk in the era of precision health.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2022Review
- Article
- Progress and applications of mass cytometry in sketching immune landscapes.Clinical and translational medicine · 2020Review
- The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology.iScience · 2020Review
- Prenatal development of human immunity.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Review
- A 34-Marker Panel for Imaging Mass Cytometric Analysis of Human Snap-Frozen Tissue.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human fetal immune system must protect the infant against the sudden exposure to a large variety of pathogens upon birth. While it is known that the fetal immune system develops in sequential waves, relatively little is known about the composition of the innate and adaptive immune system in the tissues. Here, we applied high-dimensional mass cytometry to profile the immune system in human fetal liver, spleen, and intestine. With Hierarchical Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (HSNE) we distinguished 177 distinct immune cell clusters, including both previously identified and novel cell clusters. PCA analysis indicated substantial differences between the compositions of the immune system in the different organs. Through dual t-SNE we identified tissue-specific cell clusters, which were found both in the innate and adaptive compartment. To determine the spatial location of tissue-specific subsets we developed a 31-antibody panel to reveal both the immune compartment and surrounding stromal elements through analysis of snap-frozen tissue samples with imaging mass cytometry. Imaging mass cytometry reconstructed the tissue architecture and allowed both the characterization and determination of the location of the various immune cell clusters within the tissue context. Moreover, it further underpinned the distinctness of the immune system in the tissues. Thus, our results provide evidence for early compartmentalization of the adaptive and innate immune compartment in fetal spleen, liver, and intestine. Together, our data provide a unique and comprehensive overview of the composition and organization of the human fetal immune system in several tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.