ReviewCurrent HIV/AIDS reports2019
The Opioid Epidemic: Impact on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV.
Review in Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Opioid Use Disorder and Related Biomarkers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Atherogenic Effects of Acute Electronic Cigarette Compared With Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in People Living With HIV: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal evolution and risk profiles of comorbidity among people with HIV in China: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A Perfect Storm: The Convergence of Aging, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, and Inflammasome Dysregulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Changes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk over time among people living with HIV.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- Outcomes of Patients with Opioid-Related Diagnoses in Acute Coronary Syndrome: a National Inpatient Sample-Based Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Disability-adjusted life years associated with chronic comorbidities among people living with and without HIV: Estimating health burden in British Columbia, Canada.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Contribution of Behavioral Health Factors to Non-AIDS-Related Comorbidities: an Updated Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- High prevalence of albuminuria amongst people who inject drugs: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewPeople infected with HIV through injection drug use are more likely to experience progression to AIDS, death due to AIDS, and all-cause mortality even when controlling for access to care and antiretroviral therapy. While high-risk behavior and concurrent infections most certainly are contributors, chronic immune activation, downstream metabolic comorbidities may play an important role. RECENT
findingsAltered intestinal integrity plays a major role in HIV-related immune activation and microbial translocation markers are heightened in active heroin users. Additionally, greater injection frequency drives systemic inflammation and is associated with HIV viral rebound. Finally, important systemic inflammation markers have been linked with frailty and mortality in people who inject drugs with and without concurrent HIV infection. Heroin use may work synergistically with HIV infection to cause greater immune activation than either factor alone. Further research is needed to understand the impact on downstream metabolic comorbidities including cardiovascular disease. Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder with methadone or buprenorphine may ameliorate some of this risk; however, there is presently limited research in humans, including in non-HIV populations, describing changes in immune activation on these treatments which is of paramount importance for those with HIV infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.