ArticleFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association2019
Evaluation of immunologic and intestinal effects in rats administered an E 171-containing diet, a food grade titanium dioxide (TiO
Article in Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organ and tissue accumulation of titanium dioxide after acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic oral exposure in mice and rats: a systematic review.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Oral Exposure to Food-Grade Nanoparticles Poses a Risk of Alzheimer's Disease-Like Symptoms by Triggering Autophagy Defects in Neurons.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of the Genotoxic Potential of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide in Human Intestinal Cell Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Hepatotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Review
- Investigating the ROS Formation and Particle Behavior of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide (E171) in the TIM-1 Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Model.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers heterogenous immune cell responses upon exposure to food additive (E171) titanium dioxide.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Effect of Butyrate on Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Toxicity in Different Intestinal In Vitro Models.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Safety of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive for humans.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- Comment on Bischoff et al. The Effects of the Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) on Tumor Formation and Gene Expression in the Colon of a Transgenic Mouse Model for Colorectal Cancer.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The effect and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis: A literature review.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2023Review
- Nanoparticle Impact on the Bacterial Adaptation: Focus on Nano-Titania.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-A Systematic Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- No evidence for carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 26-week inhalation study in rasH2 mouse model.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Titanium Dioxide (E171) Induces Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts and Ex Vivo Rat Hearts.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2022Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity of Ingested Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Review
- Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- "Nano-ghosts": Risk assessment of submicron-sized particles in food biased towards fictional "nano".EXCLI journal · 2022Review
- Titanium dioxide particles from the diet: involvement in the genesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2021Review
- Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- TiOPrzeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The toxicity of dietary E 171, a food grade titanium dioxide was evaluated. A recent study reported rats receiving E 171 in water developed inflammation and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, rats received food containing E 171 (7 or 100 days). The 100-day study included feeding E 171 after dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or vehicle only pretreatment. Food consumption was similar between treatment groups with maximum total cumulative E 171 exposure being 2617 mg/kg in 7 days and 29,400 mg/kg in 100 days. No differences were observed due to E 171 in the percentage of dendritic, CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.