ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2019
Nepali translation, cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translation of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version.JSES international · 2026Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Argentine version of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) in patients with shoulder disorders.JSES international · 2025Article
- Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Indonesian Version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Validation of the Nepali version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-Report.Spinal cord series and cases · 2024Article
- A comparison between measurement properties of four shoulder-related outcome measures in Nepalese patients with shoulder pain.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Urdu translation of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and its validity and reliability on adhesive capsulitis patients.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Nepali versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Pain Intensity, Pain Interference, Pain Behavior, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance short forms in chronic musculoskeletal pain.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Substantial Clinical Benefit, and Patient Acceptable Symptom State of Outcome Measures Relating to Shoulder Pathology and Surgery: a Systematic Review.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2021Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a 13-item shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). The English version is easy to use and has demonstrated excellent measurement properties for both clinical and research settings. The availability of the SPADI in Nepali would facilitate shoulder research and enhance management of patients with shoulder pain in Nepal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SPADI into Nepali (SPADI-NP) and evaluate its measurement properties.
methodsThe translation and adaptation process followed international guidelines. Participants completed SPADI-NP on two assessments (N = 150 at initial and 119 at follow-up assessment). A Nepali version of the Global Rating of Change score was completed at follow-up. Assessment of measurement properties included analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach's α), minimal detectable change (MDC) with standard error of measurement (SEM), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC), validity (factor structure, construct using Pearson's correlation with the Disability of Arm and Hand [DASH]) and responsiveness (area under the curve; AUC) with minimal important change (MIC).
resultsMinor changes were integrated in the adaptation process to improve cultural relevance such as dress items. Items were largely loaded under two factors (pain and disability), internal consistencies were good for the pain construct (α = 0.82) and disability (α = 0.88) and test-retest reliability was excellent (pain = 0.89, disability = 0.96). MDC was 5.7 (out of 100) with SEM = 2.1. Strong associations with the DASH (r = 0.63 pain, r = 0.81 disability) demonstrated its construct validity. The AUC was 0.68 and MIC was 12.3 (out of 100).
conclusionThe Nepali version of the SPADI demonstrated excellent reliability and validity. It can be used for the assessment of shoulder pain and disability in patients with shoulder pain in Nepal in both clinical practice and research.
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