ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2019
Current and emerging evidence-based treatment options in chronic migraine: a narrative review.
Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Myofascial Trigger Points Therapy in Migraine.
Real-world Effectiveness and Tolerability of Triptans-Ditans-Gepants (TRIDIGEP): an International Prospective Multicentric Cohort Study
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Prevention of Migraines: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Toxins · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis for chronic migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonists and Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonist in the Management of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A meta-analysis on 10 years of real-world data.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2022Pooled it
- Safety evaluation of oral calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor antagonists in patients with acute migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- High efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression: a meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy of Oral Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide Antagonists for the Treatment of Acute Migraine: Updated Meta-analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of distal versus proximal greater occipital nerve pulsed radiofrequency in migraine management: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of combining greater occipital nerve block and pulsed radiofrequency treatment in patients with chronic migraine: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Head & face medicine · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of mindfulness added to treatment as usual in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: a phase-III single-blind randomized-controlled trial (the MIND-CM study).The journal of headache and pain · 2023Trial
- A Preliminary Analysis on the Feasibility and Short-Term Efficacy of a Phase-III RCT on Mindfulness Added to Treatment as Usual for Patients with Chronic Migraine and Medication Overuse Headache.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (MSQ) Version 2.1 Score Improvement in Japanese Patients with Episodic Migraine by Galcanezumab Treatment: Japan Phase 2 Study.Journal of pain research · 2020Trial
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Block and Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Block in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Pharmacist-led migraine consultations in community pharmacies: a pilot study of pharmacists' experiences and patient-reported outcomes.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses Identify Acupuncture-Associated Changes in Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and TNC Gene Expression in Chronic Migraine Rats.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- P2RX7 Dynamics in CNS Disorders: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Selective loss and transcriptional reprogramming of Nox4The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Enhancement of the endocannabinoid system through monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition relieves migraine-associated pain in mice.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic migraine is a disabling condition that is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this narrative review, we discuss the future of chronic migraine management in relation to recent progress in evidence-based pharmacological treatment.
findingsPatients with chronic migraine require prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, but the only currently available evidence-based prophylactic treatment options for chronic migraine are topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA. Improved prophylactic therapy is needed to reduce the high burden of chronic migraine in Italy. Monoclonal antibodies that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway of migraine pathogenesis have been specifically developed for the prophylactic treatment of chronic migraine. These anti-CGRP/R monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated good efficacy and excellent tolerability in phase II and III clinical trials, and offer new hope to patients who are currently not taking any prophylactic therapy or not benefitting from their current treatment.
conclusionsTreatment of chronic migraine is a dynamic and rapidly advancing area of research. New developments in this field have the potential to improve the diagnosis and provide more individualised treatments for this condition. Establishing a culture of prevention is essential for reducing the personal, social and economic burden of chronic migraine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.