Observational studyNutrients2019
Breast Milk Content of Vitamin A and E from Early- to Mid-Lactation Is Affected by Inadequate Dietary Intake in Brazilian Adult Women.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin A Concentration in Human Milk: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin E concentration in breast milk in different periods of lactation: Meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of maternal eating disorders on breastfeeding practices: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Maternal Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on the Mother-Infant Pair: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in China.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Diet, gut microbiome, and type 1 diabetes: from risk to translational opportunity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Associated Factors Among Lactating Women in Wondo Genet District, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Does Maternal Diet Vary During the Postpartum Period According to Infant Feeding Type? The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Personal Well-Being and Related Factors in Pregnant Women Living in a District of Istanbul.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Maternal diet and human milk composition: an updated systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Vitamin A Nutritional Status of Urban Lactating Chinese Women and Its Associated Factors.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of ThreeInternational journal of food science · 2022Article
- Fruit and vegetable consumption and serum vitamin A in lactating women: A cross-sectional survey in urban China.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- Influence of Maternal Age and Gestational Age on Breast Milk Antioxidants During the First Month of Lactation.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Human Milk and Lactation.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation.Nutrients · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Our aims were to investigate vitamin A and E status during lactation and the determinants of breast milk content for the appropriate nutrition of the infant in a study with nursing Brazilian women. We hypothesized that both inadequate intake and the lipoprotein distribution of vitamin A and E during lactation could have an impact on their breast milk levels from early- to mid-lactation. Nineteen adult lactating women participated in this longitudinal observational study, in which dietary records, blood and mature breast milk samples were collected for the analysis of vitamin A and E, and carotenoids in early- (2nd to 4th week) and mid-lactation (12th to 14th week). Nutrient intake was balanced by the Multiple Source Method (MSM), and the intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate in 74 and 100% of the women, respectively. However, these results were not reflected in low serum concentrations of retinol and only 37% of the volunteers were vitamin E deficient according to the blood biomarker. As lactation progressed, vitamin A and E status worsened, and this was clearly observed by the decrease in their content in breast milk. The reduced content of vitamin A and E in the breast milk was not related to their distribution in lipoproteins. Taken together, the contents of vitamin A and E in breast milk seemed to be more sensitive markers of maternal nutrition status than respective blood concentrations, and dietary assessment by the MSM in early lactation was sensitive to indicate later risks of deficiency and should support maternal dietary guidance to improve the infant's nutrition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.