ReviewJournal of the International AIDS Society2019
Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment and prevention: the biologic basis for epidemiologic synergy.
Review in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- High rates of Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis co-infection in people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and associated factors.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of HIV among female sex workers in Eastern and Southern Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Diagnostic Accuracy of Syndromic Management for Genital Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Recovered from the Uterine Cervix of Nigerian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Pooled it
- Peer education intervention reduced sexually transmitted infections among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of a relationship education and HIV prevention program for young male couples: Biomedical and behavioral outcomes.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Trial
- HIV Risk and Interest in Preexposure Prophylaxis in Justice-Involved Persons.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- High HIV incidence among young women in South Africa: Data from a large prospective study.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Development of a Self-administered Sexual Behavior Assessment Tool to Facilitate Self-reflection by Young Women in South Africa About HIV/STI Risk.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Early Implementation of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis at an Infectious Diseases Clinic in the Southern United States.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026Article
- HIV Transmission and Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections among reproductive-age adults in Shantou, China: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Formulation Development of Topical Inserts Containing Doxycycline and Doxycycline Combined with Tenofovir Alafenamide and Elvitegravir for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Incidence, recurrence, and determinants of sexually transmitted infections among people with HIV: a multicenter cohort study in China, 2010-2024, with implications for integrated HIV-STI prevention across the Western Pacific.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Syphilis Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Client and Health Care Provider Perspectives on Point-of-Care Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Community Pharmacies in Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHIV is a unique sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is greatly affected by other concomitant "classical" bacterial and viral STIs that cause genital ulcers and/or mucosal inflammation. STIs also serve as a marker for risky sexual behaviours. STIs increase infectiousness of people living with HIV by increasing the viral concentration in the genital tract, and by increasing the potential for HIV acquisition in people at risk for HIV. In addition, some STIs can increase blood HIV concentration and promote progression of disease. This review is designed to investigate the complex relationship between HIV and classical STIs. DISCUSSION: Treatment of STIs with appropriate antibiotics reduces HIV in blood, semen and female genital secretions. However, community-based trials could not reliably reduce the spread of HIV by mass treatment of STIs. Introduction of antiretroviral agents for the treatment and prevention of HIV has led to renewed interest in the complex relationship between STIs and HIV. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces the infectiousness of HIV and virtually eliminates the transmission of HIV in spite of concomitant or acquired STIs. However, while ART interrupts HIV transmission, it does not stop intermittent shedding of HIV in genital secretions. Such shedding of HIV is increased by STIs, although the viral copies are not likely replication competent or infectious. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV with the combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) prevents HIV acquisition in spite of concomitant STIs.
conclusionsSTIs remain pandemic, and the availability of ART may have led to an increase in STIs, as fear of HIV has diminished. Classical STIs present a huge worldwide health burden that cannot be separated from HIV, and they deserve far more attention than they currently receive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.