ReviewJournal of the International AIDS Society2019
The role of saliva in gonorrhoea and chlamydia transmission to extragenital sites among men who have sex with men: new insights into transmission.
Review in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- An open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of antiseptic mouthwash versus antibiotics for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment (OMEGA2).Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Infections in Genital and Extragenital Samples Among Men and Women.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Switching From Dual to Monotherapy for Gonorrhea is Associated With a Halving of Gonococcal Resistance to Azithromycin-A Modelling Study of MSM in Belgium.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Identifying High-Risk Populations for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cluster Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The incubation for urethral gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men with and without oropharyngeal gonorrhoea.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Sexually transmitted coinfections among at-risk HIV-positive MSM: implications for optimal preemptive treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections - observational data from German checkpoints, 01/2019-08/2021.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Chemsex and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among Canadian pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in the l'Actuel PrEP Cohort (2013-2020).Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Article
- HIV, STI and renal function testing frequency and STI history among current users of self-funded HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, a cross-sectional study, Germany, 2018 and 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Review
- The duration and body position during tongue-kissing among heterosexual men and women.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Oral, Vaginal and Anal Sexual Practices among Heterosexual Males and Females Attending a Sexual Health Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Melbourne, Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Potential effect of antiseptic mouthwash on the incidence ofBMJ open · 2021Article
- Multifactorial Correlates of Incident Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Recruited in 6 US Cities (HIV Prevention Trials Network 061).Sexually transmitted diseases · 2021Article
- Modelling the multiple anatomical site transmission of Mycoplasma genitalium among men who have sex with men in Australia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Associations between oral sex practices and frequent mouthwash use in heterosexuals: a cross-sectional survey in Melbourne, Australia.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Effects of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter and Its Carrier Microbes on Pulmonary Microecology in Patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGonorrhoea and chlamydia cases have been rising among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) over the last decade. The majority of cases are extragenital and occur at the oropharynx and anorectum. The aim of this narrative review was to review the risk factors and mode of transmission for gonorrhoea and chlamydia at the oropharynx and anorectum among MSM. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: New evidence suggests that oropharyngeal gonorrhoea can be transmitted by kissing in addition to through the established route of condomless oral sex; and anorectal gonorrhoea can be acquired when saliva is used as a lubricant for anal sex and rimming in addition to the established route of condomless penile-anal sex in MSM. In contrast, condomless penile-anal sex remains the major route for chlamydia transmission.
conclusionsSubstantial transmission of gonorrhoea may occur with practices other than the established routes of condomless oral and/or anal sex and hence condoms may not be effective in preventing gonorrhoea transmission to extragenital sites. In contrast, condoms are effective for chlamydia control because it is mainly transmitted through condomless penile-anal sex. Novel interventions for gonorrhoea that reduce the risk of transmission at extragenital site are required.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.