ArticleInjury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention2020
Alcohol outlets and firearm violence: a place-based case-control study using satellite imagery and machine learning.
Article in Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Afterschool Child Firearm Assaults: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Vehicle traffic as a determinant of community firearm violence.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining associations between street vegetation and child firearm violence at microgeographic locations in 3 US cities: a case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Assessing Links Between Alcohol Exposure and Firearm Violence: A Scoping Review Update.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Article
- Community-Academic Partnership to Assess the Role of Physical Disinvestment on Firearm Violence in Toledo, OH.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Curbing the Epidemic of Community Firearm Violence after theThe Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2023Article
- Neighborhood segregation, tree cover and firearm violence in 6 U.S. cities, 2015-2020.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of demolishing abandoned buildings on firearm violence: a moderation analysis using aerial imagery and deep learning.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Article
- Leveraging data science to enhance suicide prevention research: a literature review.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Review
- Global burden and trends of firearm violence in 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Agent-Based Modeling: an Underutilized Tool in Community Violence Research.Current epidemiology reports · 2022Review
- Examining Time-Variant Spatial Dependence of Urban Places and Shootings.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2021Article
- A descriptive exploration of the geographic and sociodemographic concentration of firearm homicide in the United States, 2004-2018.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
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Abstract
introductionThis article proposes a novel method for matching places based on visual similarity, using high-resolution satellite imagery and machine learning. This approach strengthens comparisons when the built environment is a potential confounder, as in many injury research studies.
methodsAs an example, I apply this method to study the spatial influence of alcohol outlets (AOs) on firearm violence in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, specifically beer stores and bar/restaurants. Using a case-control framework, city blocks with shootings in 2017-2018 were matched with similar-looking blocks with no shootings, based on analysis with a pretrained convolutional neural network and
resultsThe case-control matches were similar in visual appearance, on human inspection, and were well balanced on covariate measures. The fully adjusted model estimated an increased shootings risk for locations with beer stores within one block,
conclusionThese findings align with previous study findings while addressing the concern that AOs might systematically be located in certain kinds of environments, providing stronger evidence of a causal effect on nearby firearm violence. Matching on visual similarity can improve observational injury studies involving place-based risks.
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Registered trials
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